物种

词组短语

speci-

与物种相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

According to the habitat types, weed species can be induced into 5 species groups. In the edge habitat, species were almost perennials which can endure dankness. In abandoned habitat with debris, species were tall perennials of Compositae. In abandoned habitat with soil, species were almost annuals which can endure leanness. Short-lived species appeared in spring in the habitat with human disturbance taking no care of environment effects. Species which can endure trampling were prostrate perennials

林下—林缘型种组所包含的物种多是多年生耐阴湿物种；废弃空地型种组所包含的物种多是多年生菊科高茎草；废弃空地型所包含的物种多是一年生耐贫瘠物种，亦有草质藤本葎草；春季短寿命型种组所包含的物种多是冬季一年生物种，在春季短时间占据生境，不能很好地体现生境特征；耐践踏型种组所包含的物种多是多年生匍匐、耐践踏物种。

We put forward the introductive research between the human activities and the diversity of species and the results obtained in the paper is useful to enrich the content of landscape ecology and the protection of endangered species.

本文的创新在于：提出了栖息地增加对物种多度影响的模式、生境重叠的模式以及物种和环境之间相互作用(即环境容量的变化对物种多度的影响)的模式；开展了人类活动与物种多样性的初步研究，对丰富景观生态学和物种多样性的保护具有一定的学术意义和应用价值。

Determined the core species and the species concerned, the core species contains 8 species of fishes, 7 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 7 species of mammals, 7 species of birds, 10 species of plants, and 7 types of plant communities, totally 38 species and 7 types of communities. Four species of waterfowls: Siberian Crane, Oriental White Stork, Lesser White-fronted Goose and Chinese Merganser are among the 7 species of core bird species.

确定了核心物种与受关注物种，其中核心物种分别包括鱼类8种、两栖类3种、爬行类3种、兽类7种、鸟类7种、植物10种，植物群落7种，共38个物种与7种群落。7种鸟类核心物种中，水禽有4种，即白鹤、东方白鹳、小白额雁、中华秋沙鸭。4。

Endangered Abies yuanbaoshanensis will probably have been extinct,so it very necessary to studying its genetic diversity with a proper way in order to save this key group of biological diversity in China.In the present study,AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers was used to examine population of Abies yuanbaoshanensis in order to understand the level of population genetic variation and genetic structure.

首先，物种的遗传多样性是长期进化的结果，是其生存和发展的前提，对遗传多样性进行研究可以为分析濒危物种或种群的进化潜力和未来命运提供重要资料；其次，遗传多样性是保护生物学研究的核心之一，不了解种内遗传变异大小、时空分布及其与环境条件的关系，就无法采用科学有效的措施来挽救濒于灭绝的物种、保护受到威胁的物种，对珍惜濒危物种制定合理的保护方针和策略，有赖于对物种遗传多样性的认识。

The key species in the pioneer species period is Achillea capillaries, Izeris denticulate, Salsola colliha., than the key species gradually change to Potentilla spp, Heteropappus altaicus, Cleistogenes spp in the species gradually prosperity period, Lespedeza dahurica, Stipa bungeana, Artemisia sacrorum in the species quasi-steady period, Lespedeza dahurica, Artemisia sacrorum in the species relatively steady period, Peri ploca sepium Bunge, Clematis fruticosa turcz, Spiraea spp in the bush pioneer species invasion period.

其中先锋植物物种期以茵陈蒿、苦买菜、猪毛菜为关键种；物种渐繁荣期以委陵菜、阿尔泰狗哇花和隐子草为关键种；物种鼎盛期多物种共存，关键种不明显；物种准稳定期以长芒草、铁杆蒿和达乌里胡枝子为关键种；物种相对稳定期以铁杆蒿、达乌里胡枝子为关键种；灌木先锋物种主要有杠柳、木本铁线莲、绣线菊等。

Species richness and Pielou evenness index were used to measure species diversity. Species richness in polluted area was 32-67, while in control area it was 47-82. Pielou evenness index of tree layer was 0.1161-0.8509, while those of shrub layer and herb layer were 0.1763-0.3249 and 0.0443-0.2601, respectively. The results showed that both species richness and Pielou evenness index were influenced by the point source pollution. Species importance values showed significant differences between polluted area and control area. Dominance of different species had changed, and some species even disappeared under the pressure of pollution, indicating a process of species replacement in plant communities. Such species replacement can provide a scientific basis for species selection for restoration of human-damaged ecosystem. The natural regeneration of Quercus variabilis was insensitive to pollution, while Cupressus funebris was effected seriously.

仅在污染区中出现的物种数量远低于仅在对照区中出现的物种数量；(2)可分出4种基本的群落类型：马尾松林、柏木林、栓皮栎林和马尾松＋栓皮栎林，各群落特定层次的物种丰富度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数在污染区与对照区之间存在显著差异；(3)污染胁迫下，物种在群落中的生态优势度发生了变化，反映了群落中不同物种相互替代的过程，这种物种的替代可为今后受损生态系统人为恢复过程中物种的筛选提供一定的理论参考；(4)对群落中王要物种更新的调查发现：栓皮栎林对污染不敏感；柏木林污染区与对照区幼苗数量及分布格局均有明显差异，污染条件下群落未来演替受到严重干扰。

The results showed:①the communities that stipa baicalensis is edificator had the highest species diversity, and the idea that stipa baicalensis communities were the local zone vegetation was supported;②the majority of studied communities were unsaturated in the species diversity, and the species diversity had a tendency to increate with the improvement of soil environment;③the relation of species diversity to community productivity was a one-humped function, that is, the species diversity of mediation productivity was highest;④the species diversity under intermediate disturbance was highest, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis was supported;⑤the content of potassium in soil had probably an important function, or was an important following factor in the types of grassland community;⑥a new hypothesis on the forming mechanism of species diversity of community, Small Scale Competition and Random-Patch Dynamic Hypothesis, was put forward boldly.

通过上述研究分析得出如下结果：①以贝加尔针茅为建群种的群落物种多样性最高，从物种多样性角度证明该群落类型最适应本区气候和环境条件，应是本区的地带性群落；②绝大多数群落的物种多样性处于未饱和状态，随土壤环境的改善呈明显的增加趋势；③物种多样性与群落生产力呈单峰函数关系，即在中等生产力水平时物种多样性最高；④放牧中等干扰水平物种多样性最高，支持Connell的中度干扰学说；⑤偶然发现土壤钾含量可能在草地植被类型分化中起到重要作用，至少是一个重要的伴随因子；⑥大胆提出了群落物种多样性构成机制的新学说即小尺度竞争随机斑块动态学说。

Sympegma regelii community, a rangeland desert vegetation, has the highest Shannon-Winner species diversity indices (1.706); the communities of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ephedra przewalskii, which have obvious feature of desert vegetation, are in the middle in species diversity indices (0.875-0.890); the communities of Calligonum mongolicum, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflata, characterized by desert forest of which saline desert bushes and saline meadows are scattered in the communities, have lowest value of the species diversity indices (0.079-0.495). 3 The structure of desert plant community is dominated by the bush layer. The species diversity indices of bush layer (0.769-1.451) is much higher than that of herb layer (0.193-0.254), and the diversity in herb layer is strongly influenced by bush layer. 4 The species diversity of desert plant communities shows a gradient of change with respect to longitude, latitude and elevation. For example, rangeland plant Sympegma regelii, with a high level of diversity indices (1.706), is in transition to desert plants Haloxylon ammodendronn community (with a low level of diversity indices of 1.379) in a longitude gradient and to saline Tamarix ramosessima community (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.376) in a latitude gradient. Calligonum mongolicum community, with a low level of species diversity (0.819), is in transition to Ephedra przewalskii (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.890) and Haloxylon ammondendron community (with the diversity indices of 0.645) in an elevational gradient.

群落Shannon-Wiener物种多样性水平表现为合头草群落最高(1.706)，具有草原化荒漠植被类型的成分；梭梭群落、膜果麻黄群落居中(0.875~0.890)，荒漠植被类型特征明显；沙拐枣群落、胡杨群落、多枝柽柳群落、胀果甘草群落较低(0.079~0.495)，荒漠林、盐地沙生灌丛及盐化草甸植被均有零星分布。3荒漠植物群落结构层次中，灌木层占居主导地位，群落灌木层物种多样性水平(0.769~1.451)远远大于草本层(0.193~0.254)，且草本层物种多样性受灌木层影响较大。4荒漠植物群落物种多样性分布格局表现为经向、纬向和海拔梯度的变化，经向、纬向变化为物种多样性水平较高的草原化植物合头草群落(1.076)向物种多样性水平较低的荒漠植物梭梭群落(1.379)和盐化植物多枝柽柳群落(0.376)的过渡，海拔梯度则呈现低水平的沙拐枣群落(0.819)到高水平的膜果麻黄群落(0.890)向低水平的梭梭群落(0.645)变化。

First major extinction (c. 440 mya): Climate change (relatively severe and sudden global cooling) seems to have been at work at the first of these-the end -Ordovician mass extinction that caused such pronounced change in marine life (little or no life existed on land at that time). 25% of families lost (a family may consist of a few to thousands of species).

第一次大量物种灭绝（c.440 mya）：较为严重的突然全球变冷似乎先发生，然后就有了引起海洋物种显著变化的后奥陶纪的大量物种灭绝（当时很少或者根本没有生物在大路上生存），大约25%的物种科目消失了（一个物种科目可能含有几十到上千的物种）。

与物种相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Ageratum conyzoides：物种名称:藿香蓟 拉丁文名

057物种名称:刺苞果 拉丁文名: Acanthospermum australe | 058物种名称:藿香蓟 拉丁文名: Ageratum conyzoides | 059物种名称:豚草 拉丁文名: Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Ambrosia artemisiifolia：物种名称:豚草 拉丁文名

058物种名称:藿香蓟 拉丁文名: Ageratum conyzoides | 059物种名称:豚草 拉丁文名: Ambrosia artemisiifolia | 060物种名称:钻形紫菀 拉丁文名: Aster subulatus

Phytolacca americana：物种名称:美洲商陆 拉丁文名

011物种名称:紫茉莉 拉丁文名: Mirabilis jalapa | 012物种名称:美洲商陆 拉丁文名: Phytolacca americana | 013物种名称:落葵薯 拉丁文名: Anredera cordifolia

Lantana camara：物种名称:马缨丹 拉丁文名

040物种名称:圆叶牵牛 拉丁文名: Ipomoea purpurea | 041物种名称:马缨丹 拉丁文名: Lantana camara | 042物种名称:假马鞭草 拉丁文名: Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Datura stramonium：物种名称:曼陀罗 拉丁文名

044物种名称:山香 拉丁文名: Hyptis suaveolens | 045物种名称:曼陀罗 拉丁文名: Datura stramonium | 046物种名称:喀西茄 拉丁文名: Solanum aculeatissimum

Dim Identify As Integer：该物种区别其他物种的识别符

Protected Friend Structure SpeciesList '物种 | Dim Identify As Integer '该物种区别其他物种的识别符 | Dim Color As Color '用于该物种细胞的显示

invasive species：入侵物种

外来物种(exotic species)是指借助于外力作用而越过不可自然逾越的空间障碍,在原产地之外的新栖息地生长繁殖并建立稳定种群的物种. 如果某个外来物种在新栖息地发生爆炸性的生长,失去控制,这些外来物种就被称为入侵物种(invasive species). 相应的,因为偶然的机会进入某一

Allopatric speciation：异域物种形成

同域物种形成,系在单一族群中引发的物种形成,这是广为人知但仍然有争议的物种形成理论;而异域物种形成(allopatric speciation)则比较为学术界接受. 我们认为快速周期变化的环境可能是同域物种形成的先决条件. 快速周期变化的环境先让一物种形成不同的型态,

quantum speciation：量子式物种形成

物种形成有地理的物种形成 (geographic speciation) 又称渐变式物种形成和量子式物种形成 (quantum speciation) 又称爆发式物种形成两种方式. ( 一 ) 地理物种形成其第ⅰ 阶段是始于群体间在地理上的分开.

threatened species：受威胁物种

为了加强对濒危物种的保护和履行CITES规定的义务,美国国会于1973年通过了<<濒危物种法>>(Endangered Species Act,ESA),该法通过保存濒危物种和受威胁物种(threatened species)赖以生存的生态系统,代表了目前世界上最广泛的关于保存濒危物种的立法规定.