分化

基本解释 (translations)

differentiation  ·  polarisation

与分化相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The process can be divided into 6 stages of differentiation: early, involucrum, single flower, perianth, androecium, and gynoecium.

花芽形态分化可分为花芽分化初始期、总苞分化期、花原基分化期、顶花花被分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期6个阶段。

The neurohypophysis is only found in the dorsal region between the RPD and the PPD. The growth hormone cells do not differentiate in the PPD of the adenohypophysis, occupying 2/3 of the PPD until the larva is 5 days old. The other hormone-producing cells in the RPD and in the PT do not differetiate. In the 10-day old larva, the hormone-producing cells except the GH cells in the adenohypophysis do not differentiate. In 15-day old larva, the adrenocorticotropic hormone cells differentiate in the RPD and the other hormone-producing cells in the adenohypophysis do not differentiate. In the 30-day old larva, the all kinds of hormone-producing cells are formed in the adenlhypophysis.

神经垂体只见于RPD和PPD交界的背上方。5日龄仔鱼腺垂体内GH细胞已分化，占PPD的2/3，其他激素分泌细胞未见分化。10日龄仔鱼脑垂体内除GH细胞外，未见其他种类激素分泌细胞分化。15日龄仔鱼脑垂体RPD内ACTH细胞已分化，PPD和PI内除GH细胞外，其他种类激素分泌细胞均未分化。30日龄仔鱼RPD、PPD和PI内各种激素分泌细胞都已分化，共有6种激素分泌细胞，分别是促肾上腺皮质激素分泌细胞，催乳激素分泌细胞，生长激素分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素分泌细胞、促性腺激素分泌细胞和促黑激素分泌细胞。

The results showed as follows: 3mg/LBA in differentiation medium was favorable for regeneration of callus; addition of 3mg/LABA, sucrose substituted with maltose, or sucrose partially substituted with mannitol in subculture media improved the status of callus in a degree and enhanced the differentiation frequency; partial desiccation treatment significantly increased the regeneration frequency of callus; addition of AgNO3 or CuSO4 in differentiation medium contributed to plant regeneration , The two resistant calli and fifteen regenerated plants were obtained when the calli of mature embryo of 7001S were infected with Agrobacterium carrying bar and CPTI gene.

结果表明：3mg/LBA对分化有利；继代培养基中加入3mg/LABA，以麦芽糖代替蔗糖，或以甘露醇代替部分蔗糖在一定程度上可以改善愈伤组织状态，提高分化率；干燥处理能明显提高愈伤组织分化率；分化培养中添加一定浓度的AgNO3和CuSO4有利于愈伤组织分化。借助农杆菌介导bar基因和CPTI基因对水稻进行遗传转化，获得2块抗性愈伤组织和15棵再生苗。

The results showed as follows 3mgLBA in differentiation medium was favorable for regeneration of callus; addition of 3mgLABA, sucrose substituted with maltose, or sucrose partially substituted with mannitol in subculture media improved the status of callus in a degree and enhanced the differentiation frequency; partial desiccation treatment significantly increased the regeneration frequency of callus; addition of AgNO3 or CuSO4 in differentiation medium contributed to plant regeneration , The two resistant calli and fifteen regenerated plants were obtained when the calli of mature embryo of 7001S were infected with Agrobacterium carrying bar and CPTI gene.

结果表明：3mgLBA对分化有利；继代培养基中加入3mgLABA，以麦芽糖代替蔗糖，或以甘露醇代替部分蔗糖在一定程度上可以改善愈伤组织状态，提高分化率；干燥处理能明显提高愈伤组织分化率；分化培养中添加一定浓度的AgNO3和CuSO4有利于愈伤组织分化。借助农杆菌介导bar基因和CPTI基因对水稻进行遗传转化，获得2块抗性愈伤组织和15棵再生苗。

However,the combination of BA with IAA promoted thededifferentiation and redifferentiation,though the regeneration frequency differed in kindsof combinations,among which the combinations of 2.0-3.0 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l IAAproduced a highest differentiation frequency of 70％or so.

在仅添加了BA的分化培养基上，下胚轴脱分化和再分化都比较困难，而BA和IAA配合使用时却能很好地促进下胚轴的脱分化和再分化。不同BA和IAA配比组合中下胚轴的不定芽分化率存在差异，其中以BA2.0-3.0mg/l+IAA 0.5mg/l组合的不定芽分化率最高，均达到了70％左右。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

According to our results, since BaP increased the expression of COX2 and pp38 to reduce the osteoblast differentiation and this phenomenon can reverse by treatment of NS398, but not by treatment of SB203580, suggesting that COX2 activation plays an important role on osteoblast differentiation. Adlay could increase osteoblast differentiation, in co-culture system, and reverse the osteoporotic status in mice, would be a helpful healthy food for enhance osteoblast differentiation. However, about, TBT, we didn't have enough data to support its effect on the differentiation of osteoblast or osteoclast.

所以依据我们所做出的实验结果，虽然苯骈芘会增加COX2和pp38的蛋白表现，但造骨细胞的分化作用仍下降，但若同时添加NS398，则分化能力有恢复现象，这或许可推测说COX2活性在抑制造骨细胞分化上扮演了一个重要角色；薏苡仁在共同细胞培养可以增加造骨细胞的分化作用，且对骨质疏松状态的小鼠具有缓解的能力，因此或许是能促进造骨细胞分化的营养食品；至於三丁基锡由於实验的数据不多，推测其或许并不影响造骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化作用。

The percentage of TGF-β〓 positive cell in the pancreatic cancer tissue (43.8±5.2)％ was significantly higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (28.7±3.6)％, P＜0.05. The worse the cancer cells differentiated and lymphy node metastasis, the more over-expression of TGF-β〓. 2. The percentage of Tr positive cell in the pancreatic cancer tissue (41±4)％ was significantly higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (23±3)％, P＜0.05. The worse the cancer cells differentiated and lymphy node metastasis, the more over-expression of Tr, but the expression of Tr protein was not correlated with lymphy node metastasis (P＞0.05). 3. The percentage of β-GCD positive cell in the pancreatic cancer tissue (62.5± 4.1)％ was significantly higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (33.5±2.8)％, P＜0.05. The worse the cancer cells differentiated and lymphy node metastasis, the more over-expression of β-GCD in pancreatic cancer tissue, but the expression of β-GCD protein was not correlated with lymphy node metastasis. P＞0.05. 4. the expression of β-GCD was significantly correlated with TGF-β〓 and Tr in the pancreatic cancer tissue.

结果如下：1、胰腺癌组织TGF-β〓阳性细胞百分率(43.8±5.2)％明显高于癌旁胰腺组织(28.7±3.6)％，P＜0.05；且癌细胞分化愈差或有淋巴结转移TGF-β〓过度表达愈多。2、胰腺癌组织Tr阳性细胞百分率(41±4)％，明显高于癌旁胰腺组织(23±3)％，P＜0.05；且不同分化程度胰腺癌组织Tr表达强度不同，分化程度愈低，表达强度愈高，P＜0.05；但胰腺癌Tr表达强度与淋巴结是否转移无关，P＞0.05.3、对于胰腺癌组织TGF-β〓和Tr表达，检测胰腺癌组织(32例)β-GCD阳性细胞百分率分别为(62.5±4.1)％或(62±4)％，分别明显高于癌旁胰腺组织β-GCD阳性细胞百分率(33.5±2.8)％或(43±3)％，P＜0.05；不同分化程度胰腺癌组织β-GCD表达强度不同，分化程度越低，表达强度越高，P＜0.05；但胰腺癌组织β-GCD表达强度与淋巴结是否转移无关，P＞0.05.4、TGF-β〓、Tr和β-GCD在胰腺癌组织中的表达随着分化程度的改变，呈现一致性的关系，而且TGF-β〓与淋巴结转移有关，Tr和β-GCD与淋巴结是否转移无关。

We found that 1 mutant EG4 cells showed typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells which had no obvious difference with wild cells; 2 When induced by 10〓 M retinoic acid , mutant EG4 cells differentiated into adipocytes with high frequency compared with mutant cells, suggested that EGFR plays a role in adipocyte differentiation; 3 when injected into nude mice, mutant teratocarcinomas contained a large amount of connective tissues as well as skeletal muscle, while wild EG4 cells produced frequently cartilage, keratinocyte and neuroepithelium.

我们建立了稳定表达胞内区功能缺失的外源EGFR cDNA片段的EG4细胞，分析其生长分化特性，发现 1）突变型细胞可在未分化状态下维持长时间的增殖，表明EGFR对EG多能干细胞表型无明显影响；2）〓 M的维甲酸A(retinoid acid A，RA)诱导后，大部分对照组细胞分化为脂肪细胞，而突变型细胞分化为脂肪细胞的比例明显较少，表明EGFR在脂肪细胞的发育分化中具有一定的调节作用；3）畸胎瘤切片分析显示，突变型瘤组织分布有大量的未分化细胞和结缔组织，分化细胞以肌肉细胞为主；对照组瘤组织含丰富的角质上皮、软骨、神经管等依赖EGFR的分化组织。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

与分化相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

caste differentiation：等级分化 階級分化

cartography 图形学 地圖製作法 N | caste differentiation 等级分化 階級分化 Y | caste system 等级制 階級制度 Y

differential centrifugation：分化离心

\\"血球分类计数\\",\\"differential blood count\\" | \\"分化离心\\",\\"differential centrifugation\\" | \\"分化抑制\\",\\"differential inhibition\\"

dedifferentiation：去分化

借用英国社会学家斯科特.拉什(Scott Lash)的"分化 / 去分化"的三段论的发展逻辑来说,欧美社会从前现代、现代再到后现代社会的演化过程便是--前现代是"前分化"时代,现代是不断"分化"的时代,后现代则是"去分化"(dedifferentiation)的时代.

dedifferentiation：反分化

研究发现单层贴壁培养软骨细胞经反复传代后(通常自第3代起),其分化特征将逐渐丧失,即出现软骨细胞"反分化"(dedifferentiation)现象[3],因而限制了体外培养软骨细胞的数量.

Functional Differentiation：功能分化

区隔分化(segmentary differentiation)指的是社会由不同的家庭、部落等构成;区隔分化是平等的,而阶层分化(stratified differentiation)则是不平等的,它将社会划分为等级不同的次系统;功能分化(functional differentiation)则既有平等,又有不平等,

histological differentiation：组织分化

04.0175 细胞分化 cell differentiation | 04.0176 组织分化 histological differentiation | 04.0178 过度分化 overdifferentiation

multipotent：多分化潜能

[文摘]:第一部分:脊随神经管神经上皮干细胞的分离培养和诱导分化 从胚胎大鼠脊髓神经管中分离神经上皮干细胞并诱导其向多巴胺能神经元方向分化.分离自脊髓神经管的细胞具有自我更新能力和多分化潜能(multipotent),是增殖能力很强的神经干细胞;

redifferentiation：再分化

10.再分化(redifferentiation) 由处于脱分化状态的愈伤组织或细胞再度分化形成不同类型细胞、组织、器官乃至最终再生成植株的过程. 愈伤组织的再分化通常可发生两种类型,一类是器官发生型,分化根、芽、叶、花等器官,另一类是胚状体发生型,

undifferentiated：分化不良型的

undiferentiated 未分化的 | undifferentiated 分化不良型的 | undifferentiation 未分化

independent differentiation,self-differentiation：非依赖性分化

再分化 redifferentiation | 非依赖性分化 independent differentiation,self-differentiation | 依赖性分化 dependent differentiation