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The research results suggest that:(1)the factors influence the control of IOR including economic,social and technological factors;(2)the application of interorganizational systems should focus on both technological and non-technological factors;(3)the stronger dependency between organizations, the more effective of the IOS reducing the coordination costs;(4)usually the investment of firms in interorganizational relationship is reciprocal;(5)the appicaton of IT changes the dependency between organizations, which should modify the coordination mechanism, resulting in the change of IOR;(6)the coordination cost affects the effectiveness of coordination among firms;(7) maintaining the interorganizational relationship influences the firms'' network life cycle and matureness;(8)both coordination cost and network size of firms affect sharing mechanisn of the costs and benefits for creating and maintaining interoganizational relationship;(9) the influence of coordination costs to the allocation of super profits deriving from interorganizational relationship is depent on the network topology;(10) the core firm in a network prefer the symmetric network.
我们的研究成果表明：（1）影响管理与控制IOR治理结构的因素有经济因素、社会学因素以及技术因素；（2）在应用组织际信息系统时，要同时关注技术和非技术的影响因素；（3）当组织之间存在较强的依赖关系时，组织际信息系统的应用能够有效减少组织之间的协调成本；当组织之间的依赖关系较弱时，组织际信息系统的应用会加深组织之间被对方侵占的风险，无法显著地减少组织际协调成本；（4）在通常情况下，参与组织际关系的成员的投资是互补的；（5）IT的应用会改变组织间的相互依赖性，组织应调整协调机制，而协调机制的变化会改变IOR；（6）协调成本的大小对协调有效性有着很大影响；（7）组织际关系的维护影响组织网络的生命周期和成熟度；（8）影响组织际关系建立和维护的成本分担和利益共享方案的因素不仅仅跟协调成本有关，而且还与网络规模有关；（9）在对称网络拓扑结构与非对称网络拓扑结构下，协调成本对超额回报分配的影响是不同的；（10）核心企业倾向于选择非对称的网络结构。
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Sharing joys and borings , and they have started to build up a happy and warm family with an never-separate heart of their owns !
分享快乐与分担烦恼，携着一颗永不分离的心建立了一个美满幸福的家庭！
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On the basis of formal chapters' analysis, learning from foreign countries' successful experience in circular economy's legislation, considering our own legislation practice in developing circular economy, the main framework of our country's circular economy's legal institutions' construction is put forward as follows, the guidance thought of the circular economy's legal institutions' construction is the concept of scientific development and the thought of sustainable development; the 3R principle, the principle of following the ecological rules, the principle of giving priority to precautions, the principle of the contaminator paying are the basic principles of the circular economy's legal institutions' construction; the field of the natural resources' exploitation and utilization, the field of manufacturing industry and service trades, the field of disposing waste and changing waste into resources, the field of the exploiting and utilizing energy, and the field of social consumption are the key fields of the circular economy's legal institution's construction; the circular economy's legal system is constructed from four levels, the basic laws, the principle laws, the comprehensive laws and the special laws; The following circular economy's legal institutions are made, the institution of circular economy's planning, the institution of green economy's accounting, the institution of scientific and technological information's titles, the institution of economic encouragement, the institution of market allowance, the institution of listing the names' who set good example in developing circular economy, the institution of forcing those enterprises with heavy pollution into developing circular economy, the institution of green consumption, the institution of the public's participation, the institution of sharing the responsibility, and the institution of evaluating the circular economy's results.
该部分以前面几章分析的循环经济立法理念为基础，借鉴国外循环经济立法的成功经验，结合我国的循环经济立法实际，提出了我国循环经济法制建设的基本框架是：以科学发展观和可持续发展思想为循环经济法制建设的指导思想；以"3R"原则、遵循生态规律原则、预防优先原则和污染者付费原则为循环经济法制建设的基本原则；以自然资源开发利用领域、加工制造产业与服务产业领域、废弃物处理与资源化领域、能源开发利用领域和社会消费领域为循环经济法制建设的重点领域；从根本法层面、基本法层面、综合法层面和专门法层面来构建循环经济法律体系；构建包括循环经济规划制度、绿色经济核算制度、科技信息支持制度、经济激励制度、市场准入制度、循环名录与循环示范制度、重点污染企业强制实施循环经济制度、绿色消费制度、公众参与制度、责任分担制度和循环经济绩效评价制度在内的循环经济法律制度。
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By means of field test for the pile of 15 meters length and MARC finite element analysis, this paper studies the bearing mechanism of the reinforced mixing pile, analyzes the law of load transfer and the percentage about cement-soil ring and reinforced concrete core under vertical load, analyzes the change law and interactive behavior about the pile's surface bearing and end bearing. In the end an experiential equation that can be used in Tianjin area to estimate the bearing capacity of single pile is proposed on the basis of test researches and finite element analysis.
分析了劲性搅拌桩在竖向荷载作用下的荷载传递规律及芯桩与水泥土的荷载分担比；分析了劲性搅拌桩在竖向荷载作用下桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力随桩顶荷载的变化规律；分析了劲性搅拌桩在竖向荷载作用下桩端阻力及桩侧阻力的发挥性状与桩土位移间的关系及端阻力与侧阻力的荷载分担比。
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The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.
主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。
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The ratio of the vertical load distributed between the arch rib and the tie beam of the two schemes is the same. For the integral girder deck scheme, the longitudinal beams and the deck slab of endure more axial force compared to the ballast girder deck scheme, especially to the deck slab with a conspicuous increase of the axial force and higher stress, and the tie beam endure less. The force-bearing characteristics of the cross beams under the integral girder deck scheme is obviously better than that of the ballast girder deck scheme, especially at the two ends of each cross beam.
在受力上，与道碴板桥面方案相比，整体桥面方案竖向荷载在拱肋和系梁之间的分配基本相同，混凝土板和纵梁分担的纵向力则相对更大，尤其是混凝土板，增幅较明显，应力水平整体较高，系梁分担的纵向力则得到减小，横梁的受力状况整体桥面方案明显优于道碴板桥面方案，特别是在梁端处。
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It is pointed out that the Thatcherite social welfare idea was an overall reaction to the collectivistic social welfare idea which rose in the late 19th century and the early 20 century, and a challenge to the postwar common sense of social welfare.
指出撒切尔主义社会福利观是对19世纪末20世纪初兴起的集体主义社会福利观的一种全面反动与对战后社会福利共识的—种挑战，其的核心内容是：欲重构社会福利服务供给体系中国家与社会、国家与个人间的责任关系，实现社会福利领域中责任分担的基本平衡。
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Based on the analysis of the problems which the Inventory Management of foreign and abroad faced, and considered the theory of Supply Chain, we can analysis the threatens and the reasons bringing by the information requiring of mutating and expanding phenomena -"Bull-whip Effect" in the Inventory Management of chain environment, and can further bring about the policy to solve it. We studied the three new policies for Supply Chain Inventory Management, and VMI realizes the cooperative management between the superior and subordinate knot of supply chain in the enterprise; Multi-grade Management realizes the optimization of the supply chain inventory management from full view; but JMI is the inventory management form of risk sharing, its stress the jointed within the supply and demand at the same time and constitute the inventory plan, to promote every managers (vender, manufacturers, distributors) of the SCM are thinking the harmonious with them, to keeping the accordant anticipate for the inventory manager"s inquest between two conjoint enterprises.In view of VMI stratagem"s fine pragmatism and operation, on the base of understanding VMI, combine the conceivable four assorted relationship in the real supply chain between the conjoint enterprises.
论文在分析国内、国外库存管理所面临的问题的基础上，结合供应链一体化理论，对供应链环境下库存管理中出现的需求信息变异放大现象--即&长鞭效应&的危害及其产生原因进行了分析，在此基础上进一步提出了解决&长鞭效应&的措施；重点研究了实现供应链库存管理的三种新策略，其中，供应商管理库存实现了供应链上级与下级节点企业之间的协作管理；多级库存管理是从全局的角度实现了供应链库存管理的优化；联合库存管理是一种风险分担的库存管理模式，它强调供需双方的同时参与，共同制定库存计划，使供应链中的每个库存管理者(供应商、制造商、分销商)都从相互之间的协调性考虑，使得供应链相邻两节点企业之间的库存管理者对需求的预期保持一致基于VMI策略的良好的实用性和可操作性，在理解VMI概念的基础上，结合实际供应链中节点企业间可能出现的四种组合关系，相应地提出四种概念性架构，用以表达：VMI系统的内部结构；VMI系统与节点企业内部管理系统的接口关系及两类系统的关系；VMI系统与节点企业间的信息共享与转换，如库存信息在供需之间的传递、加工等具体过程。
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However, at street districts in Macao, vehicle exhaust is the same important traffic source as paved road dust: paved road dust and vehicle exhaust account for 48%～54% and 43%～48%, respectively, of primary PM〓 concentrations from local traffic source, and for PM〓, the contributions are 38%～44% and 55%～60%, respectively.
在澳门交通环境中，机动车的贡献则显著上升，与道路扬尘相当；对PM〓，道路扬尘和机动车浓度分担率分别为48％～54％和43％～48％；对PM〓，机动车排放则成为最重要的交通源，其浓度分担率为55％～60％，道路扬尘则降至38％～44％。
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The following results are got:(1) the analytical equation between the overburden pressure, the pore fluid pressure and the matrix stress is established;(2) the nonlinear relation between the porosity of saturated soils and the pore fluid pressure are obtained, which relates to the initial state and the initial pore pressure of saturated soils;(3) Based on the new principle, the rock shear strength theory and hydraulic fracturing pressure formulation are reacquired, which are much more reasonable than the traditional ones.
笔者在第一章中提出，在建立多孔介质的有效应力原理时，必须考虑其细观结构，并解析推导出了基于多孔介质之上的饱和多孔介质有效应力原理。该原理包含了孔隙度φ这一表征多孔介质结构性的重要参数；并体现了孔隙流体与固体骨架对总应力的分担作用，分担比例为φ：（1-φ）。
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the allocation and management of risks：风险分担与管理
风险管理和监控:the risks of management and monitor | 风险分担与管理:the allocation and management of risks | 跨国公司理财风险:Financial Management Risks
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cladding vault：(废燃料)包壳库
end span 端跨(度) | cladding vault (废燃料)包壳库 | stand in with 与...分担, 与...联合
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share in sth：分享......,分担
27:share sth with sb 与某人分享/分担...... | 28:share in sth分享......,分担....... | 29:care for 喜欢,照顾,照料
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(3) share something with somebody：与某人共享(分担)
③ We all share some of the blame for the accident. 我们都承担对这个事... | (3) share something with somebody 与某人共享(分担). . . | ① You could share a taxi with me if you like. 如果你愿意,你可以和我...
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share with：分与,分派,分配,分享,共用
229、share in 分享,分担 | 230、share with 分与,分派,分配,分享,共用 | 231、side with 支持,站在...的一边, 和...抱同样的见解
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share with sb：与某人共享
share in 分亨,分担, 共同努力 | share with sb. 与某人共享... | shoot at 朝...射击; 向...投
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job sharing：工作分担
在知识型企业中,考虑工作再设计的思路有:工作轮换(job rotation)--任务转化、工作扩大化(job enlargement)--横向扩大工作范围、工作丰富化(job enrichment)--增加员工工作的自主性与责任感、弹性工作时间(Flex time)、工作分担(job sharing)、压缩工作周()、
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stand in with：与...分担, 与...联合
cladding vault (废燃料)包壳库 | stand in with 与...分担, 与...联合 | hinge plate 铰合板, 铰链门梃, 铰折板
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noncontributory pension plan：不分担退休金计划
还由职工承担支付退休 金基金(pension fund)的一部分.退休金金 额的大小, 决定于交纳金额的多少和职工 的工资水平.与不分担退休金计划 (noncontributory pension plan)不同.后者 仅由雇
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hinge plate：铰合板, 铰链门梃, 铰折板
stand in with 与...分担, 与...联合 | hinge plate 铰合板, 铰链门梃, 铰折板 | neither pron.两者都不 既不...又不, 也不