鞅

Huang and Lin proposed the weak solution concept for Backward Stochastic Differential Equation This paper based on the predecessor's work , gives the weak solution concept for Backward Stochastic Differential Equation with continuous martingale,uses the Girsanov transformation, obtains its weak solution of the existence of a necessary and sufficient conditions, and on this basis obtains its weak solution of the existence of sufficient conditions,these sufficient conditions weakened the drifting coefficient which requested in the existence uniqueness of strong solution to satisfy the Lipschitz condition the request.

本文在前人研究的基础上，给出由连续鞅驱动的倒向随机微分方程弱解的概念，利用Girsanov变换，得到其弱解存在的存在的一个充分必要条件，并在此基础上得到了其弱解存在的一些充分条件，这些充分条件减弱了在强解的存在唯一性中要求的漂移系数满足Lipschitz条件的要求。

After the reform, benthamism became a dominant value in the society. It pushed forward the social development and the thinking about the future political modality.

商鞅变法之后，功利思想成为笼置整个社会的价值观念，推动了社会的发展和对未来政治形态的思考。

In this paper we generalize Bernstein inequality of t he sequence of independent random variables to the martingale difference s, then we give an application of this inequality.

本文将独立随机变量序列的Bernstein型不等式推广到鞅差序列情形，给出该不等式的一个应用，并在一定条件下证明了非参数回归中函数估计的强相合性。

Lastly, the ruin probability of the bidimensional perturbed risk model are studied, whose upper bound of Lundberg-type within infinit-time is obtained and discussed for the case of light-tailed using the martingale technique, the conclusion is gotten that the strength of the dependent of B strongly impact the upper bound can be achieved.

第四章主要研究了带有扰动项的二维风险模型的破产概率，应用鞅论的技巧，在轻尾条件下，求出Lundberg-type在无限时间内的破产概率的上界；并对破产概率的上界进行讨论，获得的相关性的强弱影响着破产概率可达到的上界。

At last, by martingale large number theorem and central limit theorem, we study the hypothesis testing of parameters.

最后， 利用鞅大数定律和中心极限定理对参数作了假设检验。

Second,we introduce some important theorems we use in this paper,that is traverse theorem,martingale central limit theorem and slutsky theorem.

此外，还介绍了本文中所应用的主要定理，例如遍历定理，鞅中心极限定理以及slutsky定理等。

The thought of yin-vang and mixing (five elements that make up the world) was consciously sorted out: the regularity and compulsiveness of ceremony stressed: patriarchal clan system and militarism combined: and thus "morality" constituted reflecting plural cultural factors.

秦思想在商鞅变法前已经形成了自己的特色，天命思想向天人感应的方向发展，阴阳五行思想得到自觉整理，重视礼乐的规范性和强制性，宗法思想与军事主义结合在一起，形成了反映多元文化因素的"德"的思想。

Some improved parameter estimation algorithms are presented , their convergent properties are proved by using the martingale convergence theorem .

围绕这两个方面给出了一些改进的参数估计算法，并用鞅的各种收敛理论对之进行了严格的数学证明。

In the end , the adaptive prediction algorithm is proved to be globally convergent by using the extended form of Martingales Convergence Theorem .

k。最后用鞅收敛定理的推广形式证明了这一自适应预测算法的全局收敛性。

Shang Yang believed that defending and fathering bureaucracy delict was the chief assignment of law building.

商鞅认为，预防和治理官吏犯罪是法治建设的首要任务。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。