集合体

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Theory of guest of power of of the same age puts forward new Internet to define on the world for the first time: Internet should be by node of physical network, server, in server node, physical network, the aggregate that 5 element such as the person of terminal unit of endmost of network of the data that flows between the cerebra of terminal unit and person, physics, operation terminal unit comprise.

同年威客理论第一次在世界上提出新的互联网定义：互联网应该是由物理网络、服务器节点、在服务器节点，物理网络，终端设备和人的大脑之间流动的数据、物理网络末端的终端设备、操作终端设备的人等五个要素组成的集合体。

In addition, the abundant microcracks developed around the cavities provided the passages or vents not only for gases escaping like CO2, but for Ca(superscript 2+), Al3(superscript 3+), released out of the feldspathic minerals from the intrusion, migrating into the cavities as well.

Ca(上标 2+)、Al(上标 3+)离子在孔洞、孔隙溶液中发生化学反应，逐渐生成浊沸石、方解石，并逐渐沉积生长成集合体，生成浊沸石后的岩体可成为油气储层。

Up to the stage called gastrulation, the cell aggregate may be divided artificially in two, and each remaining half will develop into a well-shaped individual.

直到原肠胚形成的阶段，细胞集合体也许人工地被划分成二个，并且各剩下的一半将显现出完整形状的个体。

As a high inerratic aggregated system of the molecules, LB film can serve as an ideal film for research in the aspects of new materials, biology technology and the micro-electric study, and it is one of the hopeful new materials for the next century.

因而，LB膜作为高度有序的分子集合体，不论从新材料、生物技术还是从微电子学的角度来看，均不失为一种比较理想的分子超薄膜，是承担下一个世纪科学与技术革新被寄与厚望的功能材料之一。

A nebula is really a discrete mass of innumerous stars.

一团星云实际上是无数星体不连续的集合体。

Region'' means some nations interdepend on politics, economy and society. In other word, these states integrate a collective body in the neighborhood.

中文摘要「区域」意指在政治、经济、社会等各层面相互依存的地区，也可说是地理位置相近的社群集合体。

It may be the third largest iron meteorite in China. Fe content is 94.02%, Ni content 5.29%, and Co 0.45% in the iron meteorite. The main mineral is kamacite, and crystal and aggregate of schreibersite were also found in the iron meteorite.

通过初步的化学分析和矿物学分析，发现其铁含量为94.02%，镍含量为5.29%，钴含量为0.45%，主要矿物为铁纹石，局部含有陨磷铁镍石的晶体或集合体，表明它是一块典型的铁陨石。

The results show that the chlorite jade is in dark green, semi-translucent to opaque, and lepidoblastic texture, with hardness of 2.5, refractive index 1.58 and density 2.60 g/cm^3. It has homogeneous texture and less fissures, and no fluorescence under ultraviolet fluorescence lamp. XRD analysis shows that the mineral composition of the chlorite jade is mainly chlorite.

结果表明，该绿泥石玉呈深绿色、微透明－不透明集合体，具鳞片变晶结构，裂隙少，质地均匀，在紫外荧光灯下不发荧光，摩氏硬度为2.5，折射率为1.58，密度为2.60g/立方公分。X射线衍射分析结果表明，该绿泥石玉的物相为绿泥石。

Usually in dense block, Wilson, the oolitic and earthy as collectivities.

通常呈致密块状、豆状、鲕状和土状等集合体。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。