难以

The ethic of property rights is the precondition of market order. Mutual benefit, equitableness, sincerity and other ethical claims are included in business. Equal competition is the core of market order.

没有相应的市场伦理道德，缺乏真正完善的市场理念的基石和保证，经济契约难以得到有效执行，加上法制力度弱化，使得建立在契约和信用基础上的市场经济难以有效运行。

It's hard to evangelize or welcome or bless people in such conditions.

在这种情况下，实在难以传福音，也难以欢迎或祝福。

It is difficult to enter the path of exertion, it is difficult to do, difficult to maintain.

"精进努力是一条艰难的道路，难以通过，难以成功。"

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

I promise you, if God had gifted me with wealth and beauty, I would

告诉你吧，如果上帝赐予我财富和美貌，我会让您难以离开我，就想我现在难以离开您。

If god had gifted me with wealth and beauty, I'll let you to leave me as it is now for me to leave you.

如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌，我会让你难以离开我，就像我现在难以离开你一样。

Other Less Common Symptoms: A whole cluster of other symptoms appear during this infection, including progressive loss of hearing : that is, a gradually increasing deafness in older people (probably sensorineural hearing loss ); in younger people, a subtle loss of hearing acuity is noticed, meaning that it becomes a little more difficult to identifying environmental sounds, and more difficult to sensing their exact location; increased tinnitus ; sense of balance becoming noticeably less acute; dizziness spells; hoarse voice due to persistent throat soreness,(or possibly due to connective tissue damage in the larynx); chronic white tongue coating (called geographic tongue or migratory glossitis); red eyes (mild conjunctivitis, aka: pinkeye); infection of the urethra ; viral headache; eczema / psoriasis; large area of red greasy skin on the chest, just below the neck; increased hair loss; cold hands and feet; slow wound healing; weight gain on stomach; kidney pains ; joint pains; muscle cramps , especially in the calf muscles; sudden episodes of racing heart and heart palpitations; acute pericarditis; aseptic meningitis; reduced attention and concentration; forgetting words, losing some of your vocabulary, suddenly having more difficulty in spelling words and remembering information; frequently selecting incorrect words while talking (and strangely, sometimes selecting a word which is incorrect, but from the same category as the right word for example, saying "pun" when you meant to say "irony" both are in the same category of literary devices).

其他较常见的症状：对整个集群等症状出现在这个感染，包括听力逐渐丧失，即：在老年人耳聋逐渐增加（可能是神经性听力损失），在年轻人，一个微妙的听力丧失视力注意到，这意味着它变得有点更加难以确定的环境声音，更难以检测他们的确切位置，增加耳鸣，平衡感越来越明显那么尖锐，头晕法术；嘶哑的声音，由于持续的咽喉疼痛，（或可能是由于在喉部结缔组织损害），慢性白苔，红色的眼睛（轻度结膜炎，又名：火眼），尿道感染，病毒性头痛，湿疹/牛皮癣，大面积红油腻皮肤的胸部，颈部下方，增加脱发；手脚冰冷，伤口愈合缓慢，体重在胃增益；肾痛苦；，关节痛，肌肉痉挛，特别是在小腿肌肉，突然心脏病发作的赛车和心悸，急性心包炎，无菌性脑膜炎；减少，注意力和集中力，忘记的话，失去的一些词汇，突然有更多的拼写字和困难记住信息；经常选择不正确的话，而谈话（和奇怪的是，有时一个单词的选择是不正确的，但是从文字的权利-例如同一类，称"双关"当你的意思是说"讽刺"-无论是在文学设备同一类）。

He explained that the grotty Zhao Wang Hotel actually had a "unique beauty" and that the city couldn't afford to let foreigners hurt their own "comfortable feelings" by giving them the freedom to make ill-judged hotel bookings.

译者注：实在难以理解这句英文原话）他解释说那家条件恶劣的赵王宾馆实际上有着"独特的美"，并且该市难以承担得起因给那些外国人自由而导致他们做出判断错误的酒店预定，让外国人伤害到他们自己的"舒心的感受"。

They remember the times when polls turned out to be wrong. For example, Harry Truman's surprise victory over Thomas Dewey back in 1948. Therefore the pundits nowadays say instead that the result is likely to be a toss-up.

究竟谁胜谁负得到选票点算完毕的时候才作定论，所以目前评论人士只能把选举结果说成是难以预测的事，而习惯用语toss-up意思就是难以预料的事，而且是个名词短语。

There was something unapproachable and unattainable about Hearn which had always piqued him.

他觉得候恩器宇之间总有那么一种难以接近，难以取悦的神气，叫人一见就感到别扭。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。