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The changes of the electron transverse momentum are the basic factors of electron and photon scattering, and their differential scattering sections are decreased with increasing of the quantity of photons which are active with an electron at the same time, and they are quickly decreased with the increasing of the inelastic scattering composition, but their change are slower than that in the situation dominated by laser field.

电子横向动量的变化是引起电子和光子散射的根本原因，其微分散射截面随与一个电子同时作用的光子数的增大而减小，随散射非弹性成分的增大而迅速减小，但比激光场中的情况来得慢一些。

As reported by Borst and Slater, dinitrophenol, the uncoupling agent, can under certain conditions cause an inhibition of the oxidation of succinate by intact mitochondria.

1DNP对于琥珀酸氧化的影响随浓度不同而异，低浓度时，呼吸受激活，其程度随浓度升高而增強，不出現抑制現象。

Pertaining to a material whose electrical or optical properties vary with the direction of propagation or with different polarizations of a traveling wave.

关于一种物质的术语，其电特性或光特性随传播方向而变化或随传播中波的极化不同而变化。

It is proved that the conversion of the lift and the flux is according to the similarity law and the error between the power conversion and the similarity law is big.

并对其性能随转速变化的规律和临界汽蚀余量随转速变化规律进行了理论分析。

Gas holdup decreases apparently with the increasing of temperature, which becomes less at higher solid concentration.

气含率随温度的升高而明显下降，其下降的幅度也随固含率增加而减小。

The results indicate that its dynamic stress-strain curve is hyperbolic type. The dynamic strain of LCES decreases with increasing confining pressure, cement content, curing ages and cyclic loading frequency when it is subjected to the same dynamic stress. At the same dynamic strain, the dynamic secant elastic modulus E_(sec of LCES increases and the damping ratio decreases with increasing confining pressure, cement content, curing ages and cyclic loading frequency. The curves ofσ_d～ε_d,E_～ε_d and D～ε_d with different EPS content intersect respectively, the trend of LCES deformation characteristic is inversely proportional to EPS content near the intersection. The value of dynamic strain at the intersection is about 0.5%~3.0%, the magnitude of which is related to the mixing proportions and confining pressure.

试验结果表明，LCES的动应力应变骨干曲线形态符合双曲线；在相同的动应力作用下，LCES产生的动应变随着固结压力、水泥掺量、试样养护龄期和振动频率的增大而减小；在动应变相同的情况下，随着固结压力、水泥掺量、试样养护龄期和振动频率的增大，LCES的动模量增大而阻尼比减小；随着加载次数的增大，LCES的动模量在开始阶段显著降低，然后趋于稳定，但当加载次数达到几百次时，动模量又有增大的趋势；不同EPS掺入比的LCES的动应力应变骨干曲线、动模量随应变变化曲线和阻尼比随应变变化曲线都发生了相交，交点前后EPS掺入比的大小对LCES动力变形特性的影响趋势是截然相反的，交点处的动应变值一般在0.5％～3.0％范围内变化，其大小与LCES的配比以及固结压力有关。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The deformed metal-SWNTs and metal-TCNTs can be transformed to semiconductor or insulator due to deformations resulting to variation of the atomic structure and the nearest-atom transfer integral having relation with the directions.Based on the Boltzmann transport equation and n - electronic energy dispersion relations for individual SWNTs, the theoretical model caculating the current and conductance of the SWNTs is deduced. The low-temperature conductances of undoping or doping SWNTs are studied numerically, the calculated results show that, for the doping SWNTs, the conductance is quantized, i.e.

我们从Boltzmann方程出发，并结合SWNTs的能量色散关系，导出了计算手性SWNTs电导或电流的理论模型，并分别对非掺杂和掺杂SWNTs的低温电导或电流进行数值计算，结果表明：对于非掺杂的SWNTs，其电导是量子化的，即电导随偏压或电子输运能量变化呈跃变的台阶式结构，这些结构随管径增大或温度升高变得不明显；对于掺杂SWNTs，当偏压为某些特定值V_i时，传导电流有跃变，且传导电流的大小、跃变周期及跃变幅度等不是完全由掺杂后的电子浓度决定的，而与管半径R及掺杂后Fermi能级附近的电子态密度有直接关系，随着温度的升高和管径的增大，跃变结构趋于平滑。

The whole variable features and regularities of geo-stress field are summed up in Xiluodu deep-cutting gorge. The results reveal that the major and minor principal stress of measure point increase lineally with the vertical depths in the gorge area, and also indicate that the coefficient a〓, a〓, b〓, and b〓 of the linear equation are changeable with the erosion depth of rock mass.

认为该峡谷区中，谷河底部最大、最小水平应力量值总体上具有随深度增加而线性增大的特征，但其线性方程的系数a〓、a〓、b〓、b〓，随地表高程的低高或者说河谷侵蚀厚度的深浅而变化；岸坡山体中仅存在应力降低区和应力相对平稳区而没有明显的应力增高区，应力降低区与应力相对平稳区的分界线在水平埋深135～165m之间。

The experimental results show that hydrophobic association increases obviously with increasing polymer concentration, hydrophobe content, hydrophobic side chain length and temperature. The Critical aggregate concentration of P(AM/NaAA/C_8AM) with different hydrophobic content is 1.5-3g/L. Strong ass...

结果表明，随聚合物浓度、疏水单体摩尔分数、疏水侧链长和温度的增加，疏水缔合作用增强；不同疏水单体含量的P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的临界缔合浓度为1.5~3.0 g/L；表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠与P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)发生了强烈的疏水相互作用，形成混合胶束，得到SDS的临界胶束浓度为8×10-3 mol/L；由于聚合物链上羧基的存在，使其具有良好的 pH敏感性，随 pH值的增大，P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的疏水缔合作用呈现先减弱后恒定再增强的变化。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。