逻辑上

The author points out: if lots of the conflicts of philosophical foundation the 20th century's quantum mechanics faced with, well-known to everybody, should be logically attributed to the confusions of the some fundamental concepts in the classical electromagnetic field theory, the series of logic inconsistencies implied in the classical electromagnetic theory and the forms of difficulties the modern computational electromagnetism encounters while solving time-varying electromagnetic field should be also logically attributed to an anomalous fact that series of fundamental mathematical propositions relating with bispinor differential operator, which naturally appears in the formal expression about dynamic electromagnetic field, have not be solved really while the related complete mathematic physical models or well posed boundary value problems have not been built.

著者指出：如果说20世纪的量子力学之所以面对哲学基础众所周知的矛盾，在逻辑上最终不能不归咎于经典电磁场理论体系的一些基本概念并没有真正得到澄清的话，那么，经典电磁场理论体系隐含的众多逻辑不自洽问题与目前计算动态电磁场所面对的困境，则必须逻辑地归咎于与双旋度微分算子相关的一系列基本数学命题并没有解决，而相关的恰当数学物理模型至今没有真正建立起来的缘故。

In the area of relations between population and productive forces, Elster misreads Marx's three literally different arguments, which he thinks are logically inconsistent and disordering. The misreading is rooted in his rigid contrast among Marx's empirical description, transcendental criticism and independent stand-point of philosophical anthropology.

这种误读的逻辑根源在于，他把马克思的实证性描述、超越性批判和独立的人类学视角进行机械对比，从而把马克思表述上的差别定性为逻辑上的矛盾和混乱。

The inarticulateness of technique and expert s unique skill has two types: one is the inarticulateness in logic, another is the inarticulateness in illogic; Polanyi compartmentalizes cognition structure into two parts-articulate and inarticulate, it is in coincidence with the study that the center project of western philosophy focuses on linguistic since Roth century.

技能和行家绝技中的不可言传性具有两种类型，一种是逻辑上不可言传的，另一种则与此相对，是非逻辑上不可言传的。

The physicialism of logical positivism was essentially epistemic and logical, claiming that all predicates can be reduced to physical predicates.

逻辑实证主义的物理主义实质上是认识和逻辑上的。它声称所有的谓项都可以还原为物理谓项。

The people from different plante cherish different things. Some are cherishing power; some are cherishing wealth, etc.

而这些窒息的爱和无奈的别离的联系又是逻辑上如此无稽，现实上又如此逻辑。

The constitutionalism is based on a public sphere with negative law as rule, so that it transforms the allocation of the modern political value logically, i.e. traditionally ,only the reasonable value is legitimate, whereas in the constitutionalism, only the legitimate value is reasonable. In other words, it has changed the standard of value from the former positive logic, based on the moralization of human nature, to the negative one, based on the legalization of human nature. Rawls and Hayek demonstrate this logic conversion from different ways separately.

由于宪政的法律制度预设的乃是一个否定性的以法律为尺规的公共领域，因此就把近现代有关政治价值的定位从逻辑上进行了一番改造，即传统政治价值形态那里所表述的是，只有合理的价值才是合法的，而宪政的法律制度则反过来表述为，只有合法的价值才是合理的，或者说，它把价值标准从过去那种以人的本性的道义化为基础的肯定性逻辑，转变为以人的本性的合法性为基础的否定性逻辑。

One mainreason is that the origin of the current computertechnology was built upon the western system oflanguage and logic, which makes it almost impossiblefor Chinese architects to over take the current ongoingdigital intelligence collectively. Other than that, insubjective level, we tend to pursue the mentalsatisfaction escalating from the void, which is gettingmore embraced in technology evolvement of themodern history. Consequently it is prevalent for us tosing high praise of our tradition and profound easternculture while envisaging the western wave. Low-Techis one of those approaches showing our wisdom ofavoiding the opponent's strength by exaggeratingour own advantages instead.

为什么这种现象没有在中国广泛发生，这里有客观物质条件的原因，当代数字化科技的源动力计算机是建构在西方世界的语言和逻辑体系上的，软件和技术方面的更新，让我们首先要克服语言和思考逻辑上的屏障，在群体层面上达到并超过西方日益创新的数字化技术就显得捉襟见肘；其次，在主观思维上，我们的文化更倾向于务&虚&，追求精神的陶冶和满足，加之技术方面存在欠缺，就更让我们倾向于和西方探讨只有我们才有的东方博大的文化传统，&低技&的策略，应该说体现了一种我们中国人聪明的避实击虚的策略。

A walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping

二、动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。

A walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measu ring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping.

二 ， 动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语，宾语，表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句。

Cohen analyses further that the reason for Nozick's getting into the definitional circle is that he sticks to the principle of self-ownership which says that each person enjoys, over herself and her powers, full and exclusive rights of control and use, and therefore owes no service or product to anyone else that she has not contracted to supply.

康德式的以及德沃金式的反对意见认为，由于作为概念的自我所有在组合上是不连贯的，在含义上是不确定的，所以作为概念的自我所有在逻辑上就是不成立的，而既然作为概念的自我所有在逻辑上是不成立的，也就谈不上存在自我所有原则，更谈不上自我所有原则构成了诺齐克持有正义理论的实质。

It is also known as one of the most poisonous naturally occurring substances.

它也被称为一个最自然发生的有毒物质。

The greatest stress is found at the location on the cross section where V is the largest.

最大应力出现在横截面上V为最大的地方。