进化

In this paper, a mathematical description of mutation operator and a concept of mutation function for the study of evolutionary programming and evolution strategies are proposed, and several methods and examples of constructing mutation operator with uniformly distributed random variables are presented.

进化算法是研究全局优化算法中最重要的随机算法之一，本文给出了进化规划和进化策略的变异算子的数学描述，并提出变异函数的概念，在此基础上，给出了用均匀分布的随机数构造变异算子的几种方法和若干例子。

The stochastic property, ergodic property and regular property of the chaotic generator are studied, and three types combination of chaos and evolution computation are investigated.

论述了进化计算的理论基础，建立了进化计算的统一模型；研究了混沌发生器的随机性、遍历性和规律性以及混沌与进化计算相结合的三种方式。

In order to accurately estimate kinetic parameters, a new method, named as eugenic evolution programming, was proposed.

为准确估计反应动力学参数，在分析确定性优化方法与进化算法特性的基础上，提出了一种由优进策略支持的进化规划方法，它将确定性寻优的两点梯度法引入随机的进化规划算法中。

For example, we have conducted the sequence screening on the binding sites of the interface of Barnase/Barstar complex and found that our DGA method can not only determine which position is more conservative and more important, but also redesign the binding sites rationally. The random sequence design for α,β,α/β and α+β four folding motifs have also been practiced and revealed that there are both homology evolution and heterology evolution of protein sequences compatible the same backbone motif.

例如，通过对典型的Barnase／Barstar复合物界面研究发现，它可以确定界面结合位点的重要性和保守性，并对结合位点进行合理的序列重新设计；通过对α、β、α/β、α+β等四种折叠模式骨架的随机序列设计，发现在蛋白质进化过程中，对同一种结构模式同时存在序列的同源进化和非同源进化这两种趋势。

Apparently, the results is determined extremely by theoretical algorithm. In 147 zinc-finger-containing genes, 50nt identity sequences were extracted. The results hint that 15 genes may related to block evolution. we analyzed the phylogenetic map of these 15 genes by uncorrected distance, Jukes Cantor distance, Tamura distance, Tajima-Nei distance, Jin-Nei distance or Kimura distance correction, but we found no satisfied result according to the block exchange pattern mentioned before. Introducing Bootstrap test to assistant correction, an comparatively perfect map was drown by Neighbor Joining method.

以147个含锌指基因为模板，我们搜索了其中的50nt一致序列作为板块式进化的核心，获得15个相关基因，应用无校正距离、Jukes Cantor校正距离、Tamura校正距离、Tajima-Nei校正距离、Jin-Nei校正距离和Kimura校正距离等分析了他们之间的进化关系，结果与已知的板块交换模式吻合度较差，引入靴带检验对Jukes Cantor校正距离结果进行统计学校正，并重新用Neighbor Joining方法绘制进化图，结果可靠性大大提高。

Matzke and Gross state that many creationist critics define macroevolution as something that cannot be attained, as these critics describe any observed evolutionary change as "just microevolution".

马兹克和格罗斯声称，持创世论的批评家将宏进化界定为不能达到的东西，因为这些批评家将任何观察到的进化改变都描述为"只是微观的进化"。

Areas of its research include evolutionary theory, macroevolution, vertebrate evolution, phylogenetics, functional morphology of vertebrate skeletons and dentitions, and biomechanics of locomotion and mastication.

其研究领域包括进化原理、宏观进化、脊椎动物进化、系统发生学、脊椎动物骨骼和牙列的功能形态学、运动和咀嚼的生物力学等。

Currently, a rich variety of evolutionary tree reconstruction methods have been developed, which fall into three categories, distance based methods, maximum parsimony methods and approaches applying the maximum likelihood principle.

一个可靠的进化树推断不仅有助于了解生物的进化历史和进化机制，而且对生物医药学、计算分子生物学其他分支的研究具有重要意义。

Macroevolutionary studies focus on change that occurs at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes (typically described as changes in allele frequencies) within a species or population.

宏进化研究重点关注发生在物种水平或物种以上水平的变化；相反，微观进化指的是物种内的或群体内的、较小的进化改变（通常用等位基因频率的变化来描述）。

On the basis of those study results , we make it clear that theheredity and evolution of Blog, and some media morphosis laws are put forwardinclude the "niche law","homeostasis law","individuation law","remedial law",and"authropotropic law".

在以上分析的基础上，诠释了Blog的进化遗传行为，总结得出了Blog进化机制，最后依据这种进化机制，对Blog的未来发展作出了具有前瞻性的预测和分析。

He knows that he's one of the mostdominant players in the NBA right now.

我知道他现在是联盟里最有统治力的球员之一了。

Using analysis method of BCG , the dissertation analyzed the management of voluntary service organizations .

利用BCG分析方法对我国的志愿服务组织管理进行了分析。