还原

The content of Ni〓 in the reduced catalysts and the amount of dialkylmethylamine as main by-product in the amination products were closely related.

将催化剂的还原性能和催化剂进行胺化评价反应的选择性数据进行关联，发现催化剂的选择性和CuO的还原性能无关，而和NiO的还原程度密切相关。

A novel endocyclic enamine cyclopentenone annulation was discovered and rationalized as an unusual Nazarov-type electrocyclization, which would have broad applications in the synthesis of natural alkaloids and other heterocycles.

我们在合成路线一、路线二中用的6-6元环系到7-5元环系的还原重排反应，在温和的酸性还原条件下即能发生，这说明在三尖杉碱的生物合成中6-6元环到7-5元环的还原重排步骤是非常有可能发生的；因此，我们的合成路线二中可认为是生物合成过程。

IV. The total synthesis of dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol and its dihydro-derivative The benzofuran skeleton was constructed by chemically oxidative couplingstarting from vanillin, then selective reduction with LiAI〓/〓 andhydrogenation in the presence of Pd-C followed reduction with LiAl〓respectively, to give dehydrodiconideryl alcohol and its dihydro-derivative, usefulin treating and preventing digestive system disorders, esp.

四、Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol及其二氢衍生物的全合成以香草醛为起始原料，用化学氧化法一步建立氢化苯骈呋喃骨架，LiAlH〓／〓选择性还原以及催化加氢还原接着〓还原，分别合成了对预防和治疗消化系统疾病尤其是胃溃疡有显著效果的Dehydrodiconiferylalcohol及其二氢衍生物。

As temperature increased from 40 to 70℃, ferric reduction capacity of microorganism biocoenosis from Jilin, Tianjin and Hunan paddy soil were restrained to a certain extent. Adding AQDS could increase ferric reduction rate of microorganisms biocoenosis from Jilin, Tianjin and Sichuan paddy soil significantly. In axenic culture treatment of 6 kinds of bacterial strain experiments from Sichuan and Jiangxi paddy soil, a bacterial strain was suitable to 50℃.

于40~70℃升温处理后，来源于吉林、天津和湖南水稻土微生物群落的铁还原能力受到一定程度抑制；添加AQDS可显著增加来源于吉林、天津和四川水稻土的3种微生物群落的铁还原反应速率；在6株铁还原菌的纯培养试验中发现了1株更适于在50℃下生长的菌株。

5 kinds of paddy soil treatments were studied, then each microorganism biocoenosis was extracted or bacterial strain was dissociated. Artificial synthesis ferric oxide was considered only electron acceptor, which inoculated soil leaching liquor or bacterial strain with reduction function in mineral salt culture system under anaerobic constant temperature condition. After different temperature treatments towards leaching liquor, temperature was controlled and AQDS added into culture system in order to discuss the effect of temperature and AQDS on ferric oxide microorganism reduction process.

采用5种水稻土为供试材料，分别提取微生物群落或分离铁还原菌株；以人工合成氧化铁作为惟－电子受体，在无机盐培养体系中接种土壤浸提液或具有铁还原功能的菌株，厌氧恒温培养；通过对接种液的不同温度处理(40， 50， 60， 70℃)、对培养温度的控制（30和50℃）以及向体系中添加AQDS，探讨温度及AQDS对氧化铁微生物还原过程的影响。

Through testing the effects of temperature, time and so on, better parameters of roasting reduction method can be shown as follows: excess coefficient of carbon 0.8-0.9, reduction temperature 1 150℃, reduction time 50 min.

通过考察温度、时间等工艺因数的影响，得到了焙烧还原法合理工艺条件：碳过量系数为0.8-0.9、还原温度1150℃、还原时间50min。

The influence of the ore fineness and the reductant content on the deoxidization process was studied.

摘 要：以生物制剂KZSH01作为还原剂与铁锰多金属矿发生氧化还原反应，研究了铁锰矿的细度和还原剂的含量对还原效果的影响，考察了还原过程中温度和物相的变化，探讨了H2SO4用量对Mn和Zn浸出效果的影响。

Effects of some major factors on deoxidize rate of silver, such as Mix ratio connection of tartaric acid and glucose, over all concentration of mixed liquid, the pH level, the reaction temperature, the reaction time etc.

考察了酒石酸与葡萄糖的配比关系、还原混合液的总浓度、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对银还原率的影响，得出了酒石酸与葡萄糖、无水乙醇的质量比为1：2.6：1，pH值为12，在室温下放置时间为3-5d，银的还原率大于92.7%的最佳条件，总回收的金属银纯度为98.2%。

Ascorbate is concomitantly oxidized to monodehydroascorbate. Some monodehydroascorbate radicals are re-reduced in a reaction catalyzed by monodehy- droascorbate reductase, but the remainder undergoes spontaneous dismutation to ascorbate and dehydroascorbate.

在抵抗氧化胁迫的反应中，抗坏血酸自身被氧化为单脱氢抗坏血酸，一部分单脱氢抗坏血酸在单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶的催化作用下还原为抗坏血酸，另一部分单脱氢抗坏血酸的在歧化作用下被不成比例地还原为抗坏血酸或氧化为脱氢抗坏血酸。

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从&五四&到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族&血性&的传承方面。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。