近似积分

The sensitivity of displacement with respect to design variables was compared to the approximate explicit form given by Mohr integration.

将响应面方法计算的位移对设计变量的敏度与莫尔积分方法的近似显式进行了对比。

The results of numerical experiments, using the four-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5, show that: the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the "on-off" switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first-order information to the NLM perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure; switching on and off at every other time step in the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme don"t impact the convergence rate of cost function; the existence of the switches don"t impact improvement to the MM5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity ,but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model.

非静力中尺度数值模式MM5的四维变分资料同化系统进行的数值试验结果表明："开关"变量保持与基态一致，所构造的切向线性模式能够提供关于非线性模式扰动的一阶近似，伴随模式所计算的梯度值能够为最小化过程提供较好的下降方向；郭氏降水参数化方案中对流每隔一个积分步的交替发生并不影响目标函数最小化的收敛速度；"开关"变量的存在也不影响将风、温度、气压和比湿结合起来同化对MM5降水预报准确性的提高。

This course provides a basic introduction of topics such as: interpolation, solution of nonlinear equations, curve fitting to measured data, numerical linear algebra, numerical integration, numerical differentiation, etc..

本课程介绍内容包括：内插法，非线性方程式求解，曲线近似法，线性代数数值运算，数值积分，数值微分等课题。

Secondly, point out that meshless method is different from finite element method in handling boundary condition and numerical integral because the approximation function of meshless method is not inserted function, it have itself special methods. Deduces meshless Galerkin essential equation of parabolic partial differential equation with the method ofweighted residuals------Galerkin. Furthermore, discusses the main factors which may effectthe calculation precision and give some suggestion with which can get the best result.

其次，由于无网格法的近似函数不是插值函数，所以无网格Galerkin法在处理边界条件和对区域积分时是不同于有限元的，它有其独特的处理方法，从加权残量法——Galerkin出发，推导出抛物型偏微分方程无网格Galerkin法的基本方程，并对影响无网格Galerkin法的主要因素进行探讨，给出了取得最佳效果的相应建议。

The concepts to be introduced include, but are not limited to, the random phase approximation, the mean field theory (aka saddle-point, or semiclassical approximation), the tunneling dynamics in imaginary time, instantons, Berry phase, coherent state path integral, renormalization group..

这些方法主要涉及如无规相近似、平均场理论(aka 鞍点或半经典理论)、虚时间中的隧道动力学、瞬子、贝里相、相干态路径积分及重整化群等概念。

It was found that the pulse distortion can be quite severe depending on frequency, pulse width ,and path length.

应用傅立叶时域积分近似解方法对毫米脉冲波通过雨媒质时的传输特性进行了研究和分析，得出了脉冲畸变随频率、降雨率、脉冲宽度及传播距离的变化关系，讨论了脉冲展宽与压缩随传播常数二阶导数的关系。

Using the strategy,the pure integration and stator leakage inductance are removed from the reference model.Then the low speed performance is improved.Simultaneously,As to the stator resistance identification,the accuracy of speed observation is increased and the rotor resistance can also be identified.

该方法消除了纯积分和电机漏感对算法的影响，电机的低速性能得到了改善；同时，对定子电阻进行在线辨识，从而得到准确的转速观测结果，也能近似地辨识转子电阻。

This integration is performed in closed form by employing quadratic polynomial approximations for the amplitude and unwrapped phase of the integrated.

我们给出了电流近似和积分过程的举例。

By means of a resonable and approximate treatment the dependent variables of the integral equation are reduced to depend only on the two coordinates of the wing plane.

通过合理的近似处理，使积分方程的自变量仅依赖于机翼所在平面的两个座标，这就使我们在利用有限无法进行数值解时，只需在机翼平面上划分元素，避免了在流场空间中划分元素的传统作法，从而大大降低了对计算容量的要求和计算工作量，使跨音速三维机翼的气动力计算有可能在较小的计算机(例如709机)上完成。

Using the elasticity and the singular integral equation method,an analysis of a pure bending beam containing a rigid linear inclusion is carried out under the Saint-Venant s approximation.

使用弹性力学和奇异积分方程方法，在Saint-Venant近似的精度下，对带有刚性线夹杂的纯弯曲直梁作了分析，求得了夹杂两侧的干扰界面应力及夹杂端点的应力强度因子，结果对带夹杂零件的强度设计有参考价值。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。