起刺激作用

The original can not afford to strengthen the role, but by repeatedly accompanied by the emergence of a reinforcer was to strengthen the value of stimuli.

原先不起强化作用，但通过反复伴随一级强化物出现而获得强化价值的刺激物。

It is suggested that Astragalus radix could modulate the non-specific immune response of Cyprinus carpio .

研究结果表明，黄芪不仅能刺激巨噬细胞数量的增加，而且能协同脂多糖增强头肾中免疫细胞的功能，从而对机体的非特异性免疫起调节作用。

The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, ChinaABSTRACT: Objective To observe the acute homodynamic changes of biventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome and investigate the Ca2+ changes during absolute refractory period electrical stimulation by applying computer simulation.

目的 观察双心室起搏对病态窦房结综合征(sick sinus syndrome， SSS)患者的急性血液动力学变化及心脏绝对不应期电刺激对心功能的影响，通过计算机仿真研究，探讨绝对不应期电刺激的离子流作用机制。

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

Saliva contains a number of oral bacteria and enzymes of starch material, the skin has some stimulating effect, if we do not care, perioral skin will be red, from the little red papules, then to be painted with a number of baby skin care cream.

唾液中含有口腔中的一些杂菌及淀粉酶等物质，对皮肤有一定的刺激作用，如果不精心护理，口周皮肤就会发红，起小红丘疹，这时需涂上一些小宝宝护肤膏。

The distance between the skin which the needle stab into and the ligamentum, is (72.2±0.2)mm and between the skin which the needle stab into and the pudenda nerve is (80.2±0.1 ) mm. Conclusion: We should have a specific depth and angle when acupounct into the acupoint of Zhenyang, to make it sure to get the specific feeling of acupunting. The main reason of getting the specific feeling of acupunting is the needle may touch the pudendal nerve.

针刺&振阳穴&产生特殊针感可能是由于直接刺激到了阴部神经，或由于针刺时引起局部肌肉组织收缩牵拉刺激阴部神经所产生的，治疗阳痿的作用机制可能是通过调节大脑皮质和脊髓节段反射来影响阴茎勃起功能的。

The characteristics of on-off responses of medial geniculate body neurons to tone bursts of varying frequency, intensity and duration were affected by lateral amygdaloid nucleus stimulation, which was in form of altering the pattern of discharge or complete suppression. The effect also varied with the changes of the interval between amygdaloid stimulation and the tone bursts. The results of the present work show that LAm could modulate temporal processing of auditory information.

新西兰兔内膝体神经元的on-off反应与纯音刺激的强度、频率及作用时程有关；刺激边缘系统杏仁外侧核，可以抑制on-off反应，或是使on-off反应放电构型发生变化。on-off反应是神经元对声音信号作用时程及声音的起止进行编码的方式之一，LAm对on-off反应的影响表明，边缘系统杏仁体的活动可以调控听觉中枢对声音时间信息的编码。

Alcohol may have a sedative effect for the first few hours following consumption, but it can then lead to frequent arousals and a non-restful night's sleep.

酒精摄入后最初几小时可能起镇定作用，但接下来就会导致频繁的刺激，即使整晚都睡了，但没有得到休息。

The results showed that:(1)The proliferation activity of splenie lymphocytes stimulated by Con A was significantly increased with microinjection of Leu一enkephalin I p1(18 mmol/L) or Met-enkephalin I ucl(18 mmol/L)into bilateral hippocampus,but was inhibited by Lipopolysaccharide 1 41(50 ng/ul).

结果发现：(1)双侧海马内微量注射甲硫一脑啡肽或亮一脑啡肽各1 u1 (18 mmol/L)能明显增强Con A刺激的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性，而双侧海马内微注射脂多糖各1 }t1 (50 ng/PI)则起抑制作用。

The expression levels of DC surface molecule were analyzed by flow cytometry and the ability of DC to induce T lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated by a liquid scintillation counter and the amounts of cytokines in MLR were measured.

研究表明，慢性乙型肝炎患者存在DC表型及功能缺失，可能是由于其共刺激分子表达降低或细胞因子产生减少所致，提示DC在乙型肝炎的发病中起一定作用[2]。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。