资本构成

From the angle of functionally income distribution, in developed modern capitalism production system, with the promotion of organic composition of capital, production departments such as industrial manufacturers are difficult to produce high profit.

从功能性收入分配的视角来看，在成熟的现代资本主义生产体系中，随着资本有机构成的提高，工业制造等实业部门难以生产出高额利润；从规模性收入分配的视角来看，美国收入分配不平等的程度加深，严重地制约了消费需求的进一步提高，生产与需求之间的矛盾日益明显。

This change in the composition of capital flows has been synchronous with a shift in emphasis among policymakers in developing countries to attract more FDI, especially following the 1980s debt crisis and the recent turmoil in emerging economies.

这一变化构成了资本流动与同步在决策重心转移到发展中国家吸引外国直接投资，特别是在80年代债务危机和最近出现的经济动荡。

On the basis of former analysis, this chapter specifies the balancing conditions for realizing Marxs reproduction. It integrates such factors as the organic composition of capital, the social average pre-tax profit ratio, the economic development speed and the relationship between two major parts of social production into the model.

在前面的分析的基础上，将马克思的实现再生产的平衡条件具体化，把资本的有机构成、社会的平均税前利润率、经济的增长速度和两大部类之间的比例关系引入到模型中，研究了单一产品时、两种产品时的税率确定问题。

Our results show that not only the club convergence has been obviously exhibited, that is, the output per capita congregates within the east, middle and west districts respectively; but also the conditional convergence has been identified, that is, given the same level of human capital, market ope...

本文认为中国地区间的经济增长，不仅存在着显著的"俱乐部收敛"特征，即按东中西划分的区域内部人均产出具有明显的聚集现象；而且存在着条件收敛的特征，即在具有相同的人力资本、市场开放度等结构特征的经济地区间存在着一定的增长收敛趋势。本文实证分析的结果还显示，各地区间工业化水平的差异和产业结构的变动对增长收敛性构成显著的影响。

In contrast, in new growth models a counterfactual change in policy can lead to a very different capital/labour ratio and a very different sectoral composition of production.

相比之下，在新增长模型下，政策上的假定变化可以导致迥异的资本/劳动比率和迥异的产品行业构成。

Since the first open-end fund issue, there are 5th redemption, which also reveals more profound form of market phenomena causing open-end fund liquidity risk. In 2002, the open-end fund market was just established, in order to expand the size, many funds only attract institutional investors, and do not distinguish between investor by their liquidity preference. Under such single structure, institutional investors large size redemption will cause fund scale reduced significantly, which suffered huge losses. In 2003, as the Funds growth, more and more retail investors join in fund market and occupy a dominant position. Due to the lack of awareness of the fund market, they all use the concept of stock investment.

自开放式基金成立以来，中国历史上的5次赎回也更深刻的揭示了构成开放式基金流动性风险的市场现象。2002年为开放式基金成立初期，很多基金为了吸纳资本，扩大规模，只面向机构投资者融资，并且不区分投资者的流动性偏好，在这种单一的结构下，机构投资者的大额赎回就导致基金规模的锐减，从而遭受巨大损失。2003年，随着基金的发展，越来越多的散户介入其中并占据主导地位，由于缺乏对基金市场的认识，按照原有投资股票的理念投资基金，所以在低迷的股市稍有起色，基金稍有赢利时，就开始赎回，造成了多只基金净值的损失。2005年，保险行业可以直接入市，再加之逐渐回升的行情和基金公司高额的手续费，很多保险公司开始赎回持有的基金转而直接入市。

In this research, the effort is first given to analyzing and exploring the concept, connotation and character of non-commercial forest, and four characteristics of non-commercial forest are pointed out as follows: public goods, exteriority, no market price and market value and society capital.

本研究首先从理论上分析和探讨了公益林的概念、内涵和特征；研究了公益林生态系统的价值构成；探讨了国内外评估森林多种价值的方法体系。研究指出公益林具有以下四大特征，即公共物品特征、外部性特征、没有市场价格和市场价值、属于社会资本。

The fictionalization of the money and capital makecondition for the fictionalization of the investment. The fictionalization of theinvestment gained fully development from that. The essential content included thesources, tools, value increasing and the effect of the fictionalization of the investment.The financial innovation and furthering of finance impel the development of thefictionalization of he investment more and more.

货币虚拟化和资本虚拟化为投资虚拟化准备了前提和条件，在此基础上投资虚拟化得到了充分的发展，投资的来源、投资工具、投资增殖过程以及投资的效果的虚拟化构成了投资虚拟化的基本内容，金融创新和金融深化又进一步推动了投资虚拟化的发展。

Constant capital can be classified into corporeal and incorporeal capitals;essentially,technological progress can replace incorporeal constant capital with corporeal one,and based on this,establish coincident index of capital organic composition .

不变资本可以划分为有形不变资本和无形不变资本；技术进步的实质是用无形的不变资本替代有形的不变资本；以此为依据，建立资本有机构成同步指数概念。

Informal system is system system forms content indispensably, it is official system generation, development and the premise that move effectively, it is the core content of social capital.

非正式制度是制度体系不可或缺的构成内容，是正式制度产生、发展和有效运行的前提，是社会资本的核心内容。

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。