茎

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现"低促高抑"的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

Five days following hormone additions, we obtained transverse sections of mid-stems of A. anomala and S. variegata and analyzed aerenchyma formation using E80i Nikon microscope, ACT-2U and Simple PCI software.

处理5 d后，采用切片法制备其茎中部横切面切片，用E80i Nikon显微镜进行观察，并运用ACT-2U和Simple PCI软件分析野古草和秋华柳茎中通气组织的形成情况。

F. bidentis leaf was of isobilateral type, and had thicker epidermis cell wall and cuticle, obvious cryptopores, and highly developed palisade tissue, with typical C4-plant Kranz anatomy. The collenchymas and vascular tissue in stem and the aerenchyma in root were well developed. Secretory structure was found in all vegetative organs. According to the analyses of soil physical and chemical properties and relevant ecological factors, F.

结果表明：黄顶菊叶片表皮具较厚的角质层、下陷气孔，叶片为等面叶、全栅型，叶肉细胞环绕维管束鞘细胞紧密排列，是典型C4植物的Kranz花环结构；茎中厚角组织和维管组织发达，根中还存在通气组织；根、茎、叶中均存在分泌结构。

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

MethodWith Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as tested bacterium,the bacteriostatic effects of ethanol extracts from Alsophila spinulosa leaves and stems on 3 kinds of bacteria were studied and compared with that of coptis extracts.

方法以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为供试菌种，研究了桫椤茎叶和茎干甲醇提取物对它们的抑菌作用，并与黄连提取物的抑菌效果进行比较。

The results indicated the following: 1 All of the root, stem, leaf and bud of Ambrosia trifida have higher biosorption capability for Cu~(2+).

本论文获得的主要结论为： 1三裂叶豚草的根、茎、叶、花蕾四个部位对Cu~(2+)具有较强的吸附作用，且吸附能力的顺序为叶＞花蕾＞茎＞根。

Effects of explants,2,4-D,6-BA,NAA and AgNO3 on inducing buds were studied in pineapple(Ananas comosus cv.Hawaii) by using orthogonal design.

采用菠萝试管苗的叶片、叶鞘、茎段和茎薄片作外植体，以MS或1/2 MS为基本培养基，应用正交试验设计方法研究了不同浓度的2，4-D、6-BA、NAA和AgNO3对夏威夷菠萝不定芽的诱导效果，并在添加不同激素组合的培养基中进行芽的增殖和生根培养研究。

Tall rush with soft erect or arching stems found in Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, and common in North America.

一种高的、具有柔软且直立的茎或呈拱形茎的灯心草属植物，在北美属于一种常见植物，在欧亚大陆、澳大利亚和新西兰也可以见到。

The results showed that among three regulator combinations (2, 4-D KT and IBA), 2, 4-D2~3 mgL^(-1 treatment was the best with the highest callus induction rate, most of the explants induced callus and grew well. 2, 4-D2mgL^(-1+KT0.5mgL^(-1 treatment could induce callus from stem parts while the callus induced from the stem top was water-soaked and easy to be brown stained. KT4mgL^(-1 treatment could induce callus on some stems but was easy to be brown stained. KT4mgL^(-+IBA0.5mgL^(-1 treatment could induce callus but they grew very slowly.

试验结果表明：在3种生长调节剂(2， 4-D、KT、IBA)的组合中，以2，4-D2~3mgL^(-1效果最好，愈伤组织的诱导率最高，大部分外植体都能诱导出愈伤组织，生长良好；2，4-D 2mgL^(-1)+KT0.5mgL^(-1)能使部分茎段诱导出愈伤组织，而茎尖诱导的愈伤组织水渍化，易褐变；KT 4mgL^(-1)能使个别茎段有愈伤组织产生，但易褐化；KT 4mgL^(-1)+IBA 0.5mgL^(-1)能诱导出愈伤组织，但生长缓慢。

Methods Using the MS medium as the basic medium, the explants shoot apexes and stem segments were cultured to differentiate the regenerations. The autotetraloid with genetic material doubled was achieved by treating shoot tips with colchicine of different concentrations for different long times.

方法以 MS培养基为基本培养基，培养外植体茎尖或茎段获得组培再生植株；用不同体积分数的秋水仙素对无菌苗茎尖进行不同时间的处理，诱导遗传物质加倍的同源四倍体。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。