背景

After the human is detected and extracted, we then track body parts of the human by using appearances of these parts as the features and using particle filters as the tracking kernel. In the particle filter, we adopt color histograms as the appearance features and use a specific histogram mapping to enhance the discriminability between different objects. To form a robust tracker that can distinguish target objects from background objects that have color distribution similar to those of target objects, we calculate the target similarity from both the target object model and the background model.

当人体被侦测及切割出来后，接著我们使用人体部位外观当作特徵并且使用粒子滤波器作为核心来追踪此人体，我们采等化之颜色统计表当作粒子滤波器中使用的外观特徵以强化不同物体的鉴别率，为了建立可稳健区别目标物及背景物体的追踪器，我们同时使用目标的模型和背景模型来计算目标物的相似度，为了对抗背景及目标物的外观变化，背景模型及目标物模型都是可适应变化的。

Putting in comparison the life of this leading novels author, J. R. R Tolkien along with the milieu of the creation of the trilogy as well as its plots and the characterization and the counterparts of Gothic novels, we can find evident similarities between them and the plain impact on the novel from Gothicism. It is within the framework of Gothicism that the novel presents the persistent religious issues and technophobia that most Gothic novels lay bare.

通过对小说原著作者托尔金的生活背景，以及小说的创作背景和小说中情节和人物的分析，可以看出指环王系列小说的创作背景与哥特小说的背景有明显的相似处，而小说本身也受到传统哥特风格的影响，并且在这个风格框架下，小说继续体现了典型的哥特小说中的宗教问题和对现代技术的恐惧。

The stress was the study of the new methods of calculation the harmonic voltage and the harmonic current, and a new concept of filter ratio to evaluate the actual effect of single harmonic filter was raised considering the background harmonics. As well, the calculation mode of the single harmonic filter was also given based on the concept of filter ratio; it can offer effect data to evaluate the actual filter ratio of the single harmonic filter. At the same time, a method of designing the single harmonic filter was given, too, considering the background harmonics of the power system. In this paper, both the computer analysis and the proven had been done. And the result was shown to be that the voltage aberration and the harmonic current were decreased, and that the actual filter ratio of single harmonic filter was raised. The reason that we must consider the background harmonics when designing a single harmonic filter was also expatiated in this paper.

重点研究了考虑电网背景谐波下谐波电压、电流的计算方法，提出了用滤波率来评价单调谐滤波器安装容量利用率的概念，基于滤波率，分别给出了不考虑、考虑电网背景谐波时，单调谐滤波器的计算模型，为定量分析和评价单调谐滤波器的实际补偿效果提供了依据：并以此提出了考虑电网背景谐波的单调谐滤波器计算机辅助优化设计方法，并经计算机仿真分析、论证，减少了负载母线谐波电压畸变率和注入系统的谐波电流，有效地提高了单调谐滤波器的滤波效果，阐述了单调谐滤波器的设计过程中要考虑电网背景谐波的理论和实际意义。

"Monkey Boys" remade the Monkey King Ming dynasty in Beijing 2006, they rebuild Monkey King which in subversion institutional feudalism dynasty into the background of globalization and electronic Monkey King post technology. No matter what games of their art is unthinkable, but the subject of Havocing in the welkin is also clear at a glance,"Monkey Boys" only increase a great many of entertainment and readability for new Monkey King that set up with the contemporary social background of consume, this generation can be seen as independent art students in a sign of China's rise, this generation of artists even see the network integration of this information, more use information itself, they let you feel the zooty and unclean art, also outpouring disdain with tradition art, or just make the tradition art become a back ground of art creative with themselves, only child artist is the first generation artist of the gibberish. This"control+n"group exhibition of artists forced to make fun of the lies about a monkey hero of the ancient Chinese legends and modern society link, trying to create a contemporary, and even is the pop cultural hero of network game.

公猿男孩'在2006年的北京重新制造了明版的孙悟空，他们将颠覆封建王朝制度的孙悟空改造成一个在全球化背景下的、在后科技背景下的电子版的孙悟空，不管他们的艺术游戏怎样的不可思议，但传统大闹天宫的主题还是一目了然，只不过'公猿男孩'他们增加了新孙悟空很多建立在当代社会消费背景下的娱乐性和可读性，这也可以被看作是独生一代艺术在中国崛起的一个标志，这一代艺术家更加看中网络上的这种信息整合，也更加利用资讯本身，他们就想让大家感觉到艺术的花里胡哨、艺术的模棱两可，甚至也流露出对传统艺术的不屑一顾，或者只是将传统艺术变为他们自己艺术创作的一个背景，独生一代艺术家首先是无厘头的一代艺术家，此次'control+n'群展的好玩之处还在于使艺术家强行的将一个中国古代的传说中的猴子英雄和现代社会链接，力图打造一个当代版的、甚至是网络游戏版的流行文化英雄。

The tectonic evolution of southern Junggar basin can be classified into seven stages: stage of intracontinental rift from middle Periman to late Late Carboniferous; stage of weak extension and peneplane from late Permian to early Triassic; stable depression stage in middle-late Triassic; maximal basin formation phase in the setting of weak extension in early-middle Jurassic; inactive depressed basin formation phase in thrust setting in middle-late Jurassic; stable depression stage in Cretaceous and Eogene; foreland depressed basin formation phase in thrust setting in Neocene and Quaternary.

准噶尔盆地南缘晚石炭世以来盆地构造演化可划分为七个演化阶段：晚石炭世—中二叠世陆内裂谷作用阶段；晚二叠世到早三叠世处于弱伸展-稳定坳陷作用阶段；中、晚三叠世准平原化作用阶段；早、中侏罗世为弱伸展背景下广盆形成阶段；中、晚侏罗世冲断背景下的坳陷盆地形成阶段；白垩纪到古近纪弱伸展背景下的稳定坳陷盆地形成阶段；新近纪—第四纪为冲断背景下的前陆坳陷盆地形成阶段。

A fast extraction method of beer bottle rasied character is introduced in this paper. It is the technique combination of moving target tracking based on dynamic image sequence with edge detection algorithm for speeding up the processing of character extraction to meet the demand of on-line detection in industry. First dynamic image sequence is obtained with an area CCD camera, and the background frames are detected based on the coherence between the background and character image from the video and inevitability of background frames emergence.

运用基于动态图像序列的运动目标跟踪技术，结合图像边缘提取理论中的检测算子模板，提出了一种快速提取啤酒瓶凸性字符的方法：首先采用单个面阵CCD得到啤酒瓶字符的运动图像序列，然后利用背景在运动图像序列中的镜头突变性和出现的必然性，检测视频流中的背景帧，最后采用基于边缘检测的背景配准方法，得到运动图像和校正背景图像的差分图像，恢复出真正的运动物体。

Based on the settings and geological and geochemical characteristics of granitoids of different orogenic belts (exemplified by orogenic granitoids in Altay, East Kunlun, Yanshan in North China, Northeast China and Nanling in South China), the relationships between granitoids and continental crustal growth are discussed, and five modes of continental crustal growth in the continent of China are proposed;they are as follows:(1)the Altay mode of continental growth is that the material and heat of the Paleozoic convertive mantle formed on the background of the Paleo-Asian Ocean were input into the Paleozoic continent and mixed with the materials of the upper crust;(2) the East Kunlun mode is that the basement of the Proterozoic orogenic belt was reworked by the heat input and materials of the Paleozoic-early Mesozoic convective mantle formed on the background of TTG continental crust of the Proterozoic orogenic belt;(3) the Northeast China style is that the Phanerozoic continental crust was reworked by the heat input and materials from the convective mantle formed on the background of the Yanshanian Central Asian orogenic belt;(4) the Yanshan mode is that the Archean basement was reworked by the heat input and materials from the Yanshanian convective mantle;and (5) the Nanling mode is that in South China what was input by the Yanshanian convective mantle into the continent was mainly heat and subordinately materials and the crustal material recycle was the dominant mode for the continental growth (showing zero continental growth).

根据不同造山带花岗岩的形成背景，地质地球化学特征差异，以阿尔泰，东昆仑，华北燕山，东北和南岭造山带花岗岩为例讨论花岗岩与大陆地壳生长的关系，区分出中国大陆的5种大陆地壳生长方式：阿尔泰式是古亚洲洋背景上形成的古生代对流地幔物质，热输入和上地壳混合为主的方式；东昆仑式是元古代造山带TTG陆壳背景基础上古生代—早中生代对流地幔物质和热输入，改造元古宙造山带基底的方式；东北式是燕山期中亚造山带背景上对流地幔物质和热输入改造显生宙陆壳的生长方式；燕山式是燕山期对流地幔物质和热输入改造太古宙基底的方式；南岭式燕山期对流地幔输入大陆的是以热为主，物质为辅，大陆地壳生长是以陆壳物质再循环为主的生长方式。

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

We try to explore whether mothers with different education could have an effect on children's pragmatic development in Chinese cultural settings. By using the framework of Children's Language Development of Harvard University, we had the statistics analysis of communication acts in 140 mother-child dyads, in which children were 36,42,48,54,60,66,72 months respectively in the quantitative research. Thus we found the general characteristics of language using of mother and children aged from 3 to 6 years old with different education in experimental circumstance.

量化部分借鉴美国哈佛大学的语用研究框架，对来自不同教育背景家庭的36、42、48、54、60、66、72个月七个年龄段的140对母子交流对的言语行为进行了统计分析，以了解3—6岁不同教育背景儿童及其母亲在实验情境下语言运用的总体特征；质化部分采用观察录像的方法，对来自不同教育背景家庭四个母子交流对的跟踪资料进行了质化分析，以考察不同教育背景母子在自然情境下的言语互动特点。

It is divided into five parts:Preface: the meaning of the research; the present conditions and the methods of the research; brief introduction of Nel Noddings; the definition of "care" and "moral education".

其产生背景主要从全球背景、美国的社会背景、美国的学校德育背景这三个方面进行论述；其理论基础主要阐述了存在主义哲学、人本主义心理学和女性主义的关心伦理学。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。