聚合相

C Thermally controllable light valves:As described above, the clearing temperature of PDCLCs can be increased by UV-curing because of the reduction of impurity concentration. Therefore, when the texture of a CLC cell in the UV-cured region are changed to focal conic one, the scattering of light from the sample is maximum. However, the clearing temperature of PDCLCs can be increased continually with continually irradiating with UV light onto the sample, but the scattering is unchanged.

当PDCLC照射紫外光的时间超过某一特定时间，则表面配向被聚合物薄膜破坏而达成散射态之穿透度最低状态，若持续照光聚合时，因仍然处於focal conic态，故穿透度不再改变，但单体聚合造成相变温度上升，直到单体全部聚合为止。

Nanoparticle of an appropriate proportion were homogeneously dispersed in the PI matrix, and the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the nanoparticle was hence strong owing to the high specific surface area and reactivity of the nanoparticle. Subsequently, the molecular chains of PI attained unchanged or even increased interaction at a proper mass fraction of the nanometer particle, which contributed to improve the wear-resistance of the nanocomposites.

采用PI的原位聚合填充方法，利用聚酰亚胺与无机纳米表面较强的相互作用（如静电作用、较强的范德华力、氢键甚至化学键的形成），用非水悬浮工艺制备了无机纳米/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料，率先用大型分析仪器全面地表征了复合材料的结构，采用原位聚合填充法制备的聚酰亚胺复合材料中，无机纳米分散状态良好；无机纳米氧化物/聚酰亚胺复合材料的结构表征显示出PI有机相和SiO〓无机相之间形成了键联型复合体系，两相相互影响；在复合体系中，单相本体的结晶结构并未发生改变；在摩擦过程中纳米氧化物没有发生价态的转变；无机纳米氧化物的加入，提高了聚酰亚胺的耐热等级；适量纳米氧化物并不影响复合材料的机械性能， 2。

Various mole ratios of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate were used to copolymerize in aqueous solution by Redox and the copolymers were obtained. The copolymers containing MOCT were synthesized by adding MOCT before copolymerization. The copolymer were derived from the copolymerization of AN and MMA in 30L kettle and then were mixed with various contents of MOCT, the copolymer films were cast by solution of the copolymer containing MOCT.

本课题采用不同摩尔比的丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行水相沉淀聚合，制备了AN／MMA共聚物；在聚合阶段加入正十八烷微胶囊，制得了正十八烷微胶囊含量不同的共聚物；选择合适的条件进行大釜聚合，得到共聚物后与不同比例的正十八烷微胶囊混合，通过流延制得正十八烷微胶囊含量不同的共聚物膜；并尝试进行了纺丝实验。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area;2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support;3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier;4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling;5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene PolymerizationIn this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that:1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS;2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours;3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现；3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布；4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒；5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明：1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致；2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响；3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area; 2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support; 3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier; 4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling; 5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization In this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that: 1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS; 2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours; 3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现； 3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布； 4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒； 5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明： 1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致； 2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响； 3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

The polymerization reacts from the inverse emulsion . Selecting white oil as continuous medium , Span60 and TX-10 as the complex emulsifier , AM-01﹑(NH4)2S2O4 and NaHSO3 as new-type complex initiator , the copolymerization of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate methyl chloride/acrylamide was developed . The effects of the concentration of monomer﹑emulsifier and initiator﹑ temperature﹑reaction time and pH on the molecular weight﹑intrinsic viscostity﹑conversion ratio and cation degree of copolymer were studied .

以反相乳液为初始聚合体系，油酸失水山梨醇酯Span60和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚TX-10构成复配乳化剂，白油为连续介质，AM-01、过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠组成新型复合引发体系，进行丙烯酰胺/（2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基）三甲基氯化铵的反相准微乳液共聚合，研究了单体浓度、乳化剂、反应温度、反应时间、pH等因素对聚合产品分子量、特性粘数、转化率及阳离子度的影响。

The synthesized PCU was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile strength measurement. The IR showed that the polymer synthesized by the above two methods both have the polycarbonate-urethane structure and the tensile measurement showed good mechanical performance of the polymer. The DSC and TGA data showed that there is an obvious soft-hard glass transition area, which indicated the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The extent of the phase separation was affected by the ratio of starting materials, the molecular weight of PCD, and the polymerization method. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two steps. SAXS result showed that the radius (r_2), the distance between domains (d_2), and gyral radius (R_2) of hard segment micro-domain were fairly affected by the starting materials ratio and soft segment content.

IR结果表明两种方法合成的聚合产物均具有聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构；拉伸实验表明聚合产物具有良好的力学性能；DSC、TG结果表明，聚合物呈现出较为明显的软硬段玻璃化转变区，表明存在微相分离的结构，相分离的程度受原料配比、软段分子量、聚合方法的影响，其热分解分为明显的两个阶段； SAXS结果表明，聚合物原料配比、软段含量的变化对硬段微区回旋半径R_2，微区间距d_2，微区半径r_2影响不大其值分别为9.5(A|°、29、7.4，但对软段的微区半径及间距影响较大，随着软段含量的增大，软段微区的半径r1和间距d1都增大。

In order to reflect the catalyst deactivation during the oxidative polymerization and difference of the reactivity between monomer,the oligomer soluble in water,and the oligomer unsoluble in water,a new heterogeneous kinetic model was proposed according to Flory statistical theory.It was found that the polymerization rate estimated by the new model was consistent with the calculated data.

根据DMP氧化聚合过程中催化剂随时间延长而逐渐失活，不同种类的苯氧阴离子活性不同以及非均相聚合特点，提出了水介质中DMP氧化聚合动力学模型，并采用多元非线形回归计算得到模型参数，采用模型计算得到的聚合速率与实验测定值一致，证明所提出模型的正确性。

In the second part, quantum chemical AM1 methods were employedto theoretically investigate the electronic structures of maleic anhydride in ground- and excited-states. On basis of the frontier orbital theoryand three bonding principles, the possibility of reaction of active α-hydroxysuccinic anhydride carbanion and active α-hydroxy-succinic anhydride radical on polymerization process of MArespectively by alkali catalyst and by hydroxyl radical was discussed. Theanionic and radical polymerization of MA discussed also. Theoreticalstudies show that both polymerization products of MA are in the chainstructures, corresponding to the experimental findings.

第二部分用量子化学AM1方法，计算研究了马来酸酐的基态和激发态电子结构；应用前线轨道理论和成键三原则分别探讨了碱催化条件下和羟基自由基引发下马来酸酐均聚合过程中α-羟基丁二酸酐碳阴离子和α-羟基丁二酸酐碳自由基活性中间体参与反应的可能性及由它们引发的马来酸酐阴离子聚合反应机理和自由基引发聚合反应机理；理论研究表明马来酸酐的均聚合产物均为链式结构，与实验事实相相符。

This synthetic strategy is based on the combination of different polymerizations, especially controlled polymerizations, and the combination of different controlled polymerizations with coupling reactions, such as "click" reactions, Diels-Alder reaction and active ester reaction etc..

这一合成方法的思路是基于将不同聚合反应，尤其是不同可控聚合反应相结合，或者将可控聚合与不同的偶合反应，例如与点击反应、Diel-Alder反应和活性酯反应等相结合。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。