群落

By using the method of space substituting time, alpine-cold steppe in different ages of enclosing was studied. We selected 4 flat plots with relatively uniform topography and enclosed time were 1-year old exclosure (E1), 3-year old exclosure(E3), 5-year old exclosure (E5), unexclosure. The grasslands were freely grazing pasture, grazing rate of 5.7 sheep / hm2. After enclosure, it was used as spring pasture, 5.7-grazing sheep / hm2. Unexclosure plot were 5.7-grazing sheep / hm2 in addition to the winter.

本文，运用空间代替时间的方法对不同围封年限的草地进行研究，结果表明：（1）随着围封年限的延长，天山赖草种群在群落中的地位逐渐弱化，优良牧草羊茅和紫花针茅种群在群落中的优势逐渐体现出来，群落由天山赖草+黄花棘豆群落类型逐步向羊茅+紫花针茅群落类型过渡。

The whole reef-building process is closely related to occurrence and development of the metazoan reef-building communities.

群落的整体面貌、生态体系都是由群落内的关键种所决定的，如果将群落内起到核心作用的物种从群落内移走，那么群落的性质，生物的组成和功能都将发生变化。

PCR-SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) was used for studying the community changes of pronucleus microorganisms in various fermenting stages of Luzhou-flavor Daqu. The results showed:(1) The pronucleus microorganism's community was similar and also had the polymorphism in each simple of various fermentation stage;(2) Different microflora had complex ecology effects of coordination and the restriction;(3) The diversity indexes of different stage of Daqu microorganisms were around 1.69~2.01, and the composition of them was stable relatively;(4) The similarity indexes were 0.67~1.00, and much higher in the approaching stages.

采用PCR-SSCP技术对浓香型大曲发酵过程中原核微生物群落结构的变化情况进行了研究，结果表明：(1)发酵各时期曲样的群落结构相似，同时也具有多态性；(2)不同微生物群落具有协同和制约的复杂生态学效应；(3)各时期曲样微生物多样性指数均在1.69~2.01之间，群落结构相对较稳定；(4)各曲样微生物群落相似性位于0.67~1.00之间，邻近时期样品间的相似性程度较高。

According to the results of sampling and cluster analysis, the rodent community in the Junggar Basin can be divided into four types: 1farmland community dominated by Cricetulus migratorius and Mus musculus; 2saxideserta community dominated by Meriones erythrourus and C.migratorius; 3residential area community dominated by Rattus norvegiens and Mus musculus; 4haloxylon eremic community dominated by Dipus sagitta and Meriones meridianus.

对准噶尔盆地的抽样调查，经聚类分析，该地区的鼠类可划分为4种群落：(1)以灰仓鼠+小家鼠为主的农田鼠类群落；(2)以红尾沙鼠+灰仓鼠为主的砾石荒漠鼠类群落；(3)以褐家鼠+小家鼠为主的城镇居民点鼠类群落；(4)以子午沙鼠(M.meridianus)+三趾跳鼠为主的梭梭荒漠鼠类群落。

Based the structure and function of Yangtze River Estuary Ecosystem, the energy expenditure of shorebird community staging at Yangtze River Estuary and the production of macro zoobenthos community were studied in this dissertation.

本文以长江河口湿地生态系统的结构和功能为基础，对鸻鹬群落在长江口地区中途停歇期间的能量需求和栖息地选择和利用进行了研究，探讨了底栖动物作为鸻鹬群落饵料的状况，并根据鸻鹬群落和底栖动物群落能量流动特点，构建了Stella计算模型，对鸻鹬群落中途停歇长江口期间所需要的栖息地面积进行了估算和探讨，以期为区域发展和鸻鹬栖息地保护提供依据。

Anaerobic synecology of the hydrogen-producing fermentation system was investigated under certain test condition in this thesis. In the continuous flow system of anaerobic hydrogen-producing fermentation, the succession of hydrogen-producing acidogenic microbiology may be regressive process. By regressive process we means that the original community getting from nature which structure being complex with a high ability would degenerate gently to a certain climax community which structure being simple with less ability.

产氢发酵系统的微生物群落生态学研究证明，在连续流发酵产氢反应系统中产氢产酸发酵细菌群落的演替过程，是在人为控制的生境条件下，微生物从自然群落这种稳定性大、组成及生化反应过程复杂的生态群落，向稳定性小、组成和生化反应过程相对简单的某一产酸发酵顶极群落进行的"逆行演替"。

Xerophyte shrub species could affect interception loss. For the Artemisia ordosica community with an average cover of 34 and the canopy projection of 39 cm×100 cm, the canopy storage capacity is 0.7 mm, and average interception loss is 26.82% of the total annual precipitation. In cont rast, for the Caragana korshinskii community with an average cover of 30 % and the canopy projection of 40.7 cm×100 cm , the canopy storage capacity is 013 mm , and average interception loss is 17 % of the total annual precipitation.

结果表明，不同灌木类型的群落之间对降水截留的影响存在显著差别，对盖度达34%的油蒿群落而言，当单株植物投影面积平均为3900cm2时，其冠层截留容量约为0 7mm，群落截留损失水量平均占年降水量的26 8%；而盖度达30%的柠条群落，当单株植物投影面积平均为4070cm2时，其冠层截留容量约为0 3mm，群落截留损失水量平均占年降水量的17%。

Ordosica community and increased from A. ordosica community to C. komarovii community. The meso-xerophyte decreased gradually with the strong xerophyte gradually increasing during the desertification of the grassland.

结果表明：在鄂尔多斯草地荒漠化过程中，植物群落退化的趋势为本氏针茅群落→本氏针茅+油蒿群落→油蒿群落→油蒿+牛心朴子群落→牛心朴子群落。

Result 10 308 insects were identified, belonging to 9 orders, 43 families, 68 species of Insecta and I families, 1 species of Arachnida. The result revealed that the individuals of the pest sub-community were more than that of the natural enemies sub-community, the dominant concentration and dominance of the pest sub-community were the biggest, diversity index of the natural enemies sub-community was more than that of the pest sub-community.

结果］共调查昆虫10 308头，分属于昆虫纲9个目、43科6、8种以及蛛形纲1科、1种；野生植物害虫亚群落的物种个体数多于天敌亚群落的个体数，害虫亚群落的优势集中性和优势度最大，天敌亚群落的多样性指数大于害虫亚群落。

A survey was conducted to study the biodiversity and seasonal change of insects in four plant communities, Calamagrostis angustfolia, Salix brachypoda-Calamagrostis angustifolia, Carex pseudocuraica, Carex casiocaepa, in a typical annular wetland in Sanjiang Plain by the methods of yellow-pan trap and net-sweeping.

以三江平原典型环形湿地为研究对象，在小叶章群落、沼柳小叶章群落、漂筏苔草群落、塔头毛苔草群落，采用黄盘诱集法和扫网法定期对湿地昆虫群落进行采集，研究了该区内的昆虫生物多样性及其季节性变化特征。

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。