结构基因

The results showed that the organization and gene order of the mitochondrial genomes of these bivalve species studied were different from each other. The size, organization, gene numbers, and gene order of mitochondrial genomes in bivalves at different taxa were different.

结果发现，双壳贝类线粒体的基因组结构、基因排列顺序均互不相同；不同目、科和属之间线粒体基因组的大小、基因排列方式以及基因种类也存在明显的差异，尤其是基因排列方式没有明显的规律。

Systems biology includes the omics, computational and synthetic biotechnology. An efficient approach, termed sequence tagged fragments display, be developed that allow for the identification of genes from differential expression tissues, and analysis of genes involved in cytogenesis and pathogenesis.

基因表达调控决定于基因序列，如启动子、非翻译RNA区、蛋白质的结构域等，系统生物学包括组学、计算与合成生物技术，序列标志片段显示，可用于细胞系分化、病理变化等基因表达语、信号传导网络的系统分析与功能基因克隆。

RESULTS We successfully obtained human caspase-3 gene, the genes and expression vectors of reversed caspase-3 and its fusion protein with part of the translocation domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Compared with the control group, the expression of both genes caused in a similar degree the decrease of living cell numbers and massive occurrence of apoptosis.

结果成功获得了caspase-3基因，构建了重构型caspase-3基因和重构型caspase-3与绿脓杆菌外毒素转膜结构域部分肽段的融合蛋白基因及其表达载体，与对照组相比，在转染后1～4 d内，两种基因的表达均导致HeLa细胞存活数减少，大量细胞发生凋亡，且二者活性相当。

The ORF2 gene is the most important protein-code gene for porcine circovirus, and is the main gene differing porcine circovirus typel from porcine circovirus type2 (PCV2). To construct a specific PCR detecting method, we designed a pair of primers to amplify a partial fragment of ORF2 gene from PCV2, referring to fifteen strains complete genome published in Genbank. The PCR product was about 0.67kb in size detected by gelose gel electrophoresis.

猪圆环病毒的开放阅读框2(ORF2)是其主要结构蛋白的编码基因，也是区分猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的重要基因，本研究参照GenBank已发表的15株PCV2基因序列，设计合成一对引物，对PCV2的ORF2基因进行PCR扩增，产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳，呈现一条大小约0.67kb的特异条带，经条件筛选，建立了猪病料中PCV2感染的PCR检测方法。

This papersummarizes the studies on glycinin including components,structure and gene families.The homogeneity of the glycinin gene sequences was compared by bioinformatics.Heredity Distances of the six glycinin genes were analyzed. Special emphasis is laidupon comparing the sequences and components of amino acids in the glycinin. Thecontents of major amino acids in the intact glycinin and in the acid and basic peptideswere analyzed. In view of others and our researches, we advance some new thinkingand tactics of improving rice nutritional quality by using glycinin genes.

本文在简要介绍大豆球蛋白组分、结构及基因家族后，采用生物信息学方法分析比较了不同种类大豆球蛋白基因之间的序列同源性，并对不同大豆球蛋白基因的遗传距离作了分析；本文还重点比较分析了不同大豆球蛋白的氨基酸序列和组成，以及不同酸性肽和碱性肽中重要氨基酸的含量，基于对前人工作的总结和我们的分析结果，本文提出了利用大豆球蛋白基因进行水稻营养品质改良研究的新思路和新策略。

Assisted by DNA2.0 and Gene2Oliga software, we optimized the codon usage and secondary structure of RNA and induced enzyme sites Cla I (237 site) and Pst I (475 site) into the gene. In the first step, fragments F1 (237 bp), F2 (238 bp) and F3 (422 bp) were separately synthesized by assembly PCR. In the second step, fragments F1, F2 and F3 were separately digested by Cla I and Pst I, and then ligated into a full length lipA gene.

首先在DNA2.0和Gene2Oliga软件辅助下对lipA基因密码子及RNA二级结构进行优化并引入Cla I(237位)和Pst I(475位)酶切位点；通过组装PCR分别合成lipA基因的各片段F1(237 bp)、F2(238 bp)和F3(422 bp)；通过该基因内的Cla I和Pst I限制性酶切位点连接成完整的全长lipA基因。

Recently, a new myrosinase subfamily were found which called TGG4、TGG5、TGG6 by searching the database of Arabidopsis genome.

这3个基因在DNA 序列、基因结构及编码蛋白特性等方面与已知的芥子基因有较大差异，被定义为一类新型芥子基因。

Recently, a new myrosinase subfamily were found which called TGG4、TGG5、TGG6 by searching the database of Arabidopsis genome.

这3个基因在DNA 序列、基因结构及编码蛋白特性等方面与已知的芥子酶基因有较大差异，被定义为一类新型芥子酶基因。

As PTDT does in threshold traits, PTDT is valid not only for different QTL effect level, but also for maker with multiple alleles and multiple tightly linked markers.(2) Under an appropriate selection ratio s (in this study, s is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, respectively), the power of PTDT can be improved and the genotying individuals can be decreased using selective genotyping design. However, the power of PTDT is related with population size and population structure, an appropriate selection ratio can be defined by simulation based on the existing data.(3) Among the three transforming methods, mixed-family selection is the best, full-sib selection has same power to mixed-family selection in many parameter combinations, and Estimated Breeding Value selection is inferior to them.

数量性状QTL定位的模拟研究结果表明：(1)数量性状经有效转化后，PTDT对数量性状QTL定位保持了阈性状QTL定位的稳健与高效，对不同效应大小的QTL(10％，30％，50％)PTDT都是一个有效的分析方法；(2)在多等位基因标记、多标记方面，PTDT的检验功效与阐性状分析时一样高效；(3)在合适的选择率下(本研究的分别为0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0)，选择性基因型测定不仅可以减少基因型测定的数量，而且可以提高PTDT的检验功效，但选择性基因型测定的PTDT检验功效很大程度上与群体大小和结构有关，这个可根据具体情况通过模拟找到一个合适的选择率；(4)三种转化方法的转化效力结果表明，家系内混合家系选择的转化效力最高，家系内全同胞选择次之，估计育种值选择的转化效力较差。

Finally, a dog can receive a pair of recessive alleles at both the D and B loci. Although, for the moment, and to our best knowledge, the Western world has not produced a Tibetan Mastiff with this genetic makeup, it is thought that one would appear somewhat like a Weimaraner in color.

最后，只有在理论上藏獒可以在D位基因和B位基因置都是隐性基因，然而到现在为止，就我们所知道的，西方国家还没有培育出这样基因结构的藏獒，有人猜测可能会出现德国威玛猎狗似的颜色。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。