结晶性

Of all materials available, calcium phosphate cement is an important biomaterial for hard tissue repair because of its chemical and crystallographic similarity to the carbonated apatite in bones and has received considerable attention. CPC consists of a mixture of fine particles of calcium phosphate salts, the CPC powder can be mixed with water to form a thick paste that can conform to osseous defects to form degradable hydroxyapatite, therefore, CPC's moldability, together with its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, make it a highly desirable material for orthopaedic repair.

磷酸钙骨水泥是一种非陶瓷型羟基磷灰石类材料，生物学特性与骨的化学组成相似，其良好的生物相容性和骨传导性引起人们的广泛重视，同时具有可吸收性，良好的蛋白亲和性，可复合骨形成蛋白而具有骨诱导性，制备简便、固化迅速、易塑形、在结晶过程中不产热等许多明显的优势使其广泛用于骨缺损修复、骨强化和骨替代。

This paper reviews the conventional models for the formation of marginal compositional reversals,including wall-rock contamination,multiple injection,compositional stratification of magma,high degree of supercooling,crystal settling of phenocrysts,flow differentiation,compositional convection and upward decrease in amount of intercumulus liquid.

朱丹，罗泰义，宋谢炎，徐义刚，陶琰，黄智龙，基性-超基性岩浆成岩和成矿过程中Soret效应的研究进展综述了当前对基性-超基性岩床和层状岩体的边缘反转现象的传统解释模型，包括围岩混染、岩浆多期注入、岩浆分层、过冷却、晶体沉降、流动分异、结晶和成分对流以及逐渐减少的颗粒间熔体量。

The results show that the perfect strength can be obtained under oxygen partial pressure about 20% O2, overhigh or low oxygen partial pressure is unfavorable for recrystallization of Fe2O3, which causes a decrease of pellet strength. The original hematite will be transformed into magnetite on reduction firstly when carbon-burdened hematite pellet is roasted in oxidizing atmosphere, and then the magnetite will be oxidized to secondary hematite, which is more active than original hematite, therefore, the induration strength of pellet is able to be enhanced.

研究结果表明：内配碳赤铁矿氧化球团在接近空气配比(氧含量约20%，体积分数)的氧化性气氛中焙烧强度最大，氧含量过高或过低都会影响Fe2O3的再结晶，使球团强度降低；在氧化性气氛中焙烧含碳赤铁矿球团时，原生赤铁矿先还原为磁铁矿，磁铁矿再氧化成活性较高的次生赤铁矿，提高了赤铁矿焙烧固结性能和球团强度。

Through the experiments on hydration of AH in the following sulphate（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）, dissoluble sulfate hydrate origining from hydration process of AH affects it's hydrous rate, hydrous rate of AH does not connect with Z/R of cation in stimulation, theory that Z/R affect hydrous rate of AH does not exist. Third, hydration of AH in dissoluble sulfate complies with dissolve-nucleate -grow theory, concentration of Ca~2+ from dissolving of CaSO_4 is higher than one of CaSO_4·2H_2O, calcium sulphate dihydrite gets a motivity of crystallization. dissoluble sulfate takes the following function: double-salt or dissoluble sulfate hydrate from hydration of AH in it becomes heterogeneous particle and a kind of nucleation catalyzer, and reduces surface barrier when DH becomes crystal because the crystal of DH precedently appears in uneven place. Results indicate hydration of AH does not conform with double-salt theory, but it conform with this mechanism: dissolve-nucleate-grow, formation of DH is an uneven nucleation and crystalizaion process.

通过对CaSO_4在Na_2SO_4 、K_2SO_4 、Rb_2SO_4 、Cs_2SO_4 、(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液中水化过程，以及CaSO_4·2H_2O、CaSO_4与以上硫酸盐反应速度、产物的研究，说明复盐理论不正确；CaSO_4在（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO_4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）溶液中水化，水化过程中硫酸盐水合物的析晶影响着无水硫酸钙水化，与激发剂阳离子Z/R值大小无关，阳离子的Z/R参数影响水化率的规律并不存在； 3、无水硫酸钙在可溶性硫酸盐中的水化按照溶解-成核-生长理论进行，CaSO_4达到溶解平衡时Ca~2+的浓度大于CaSO_4·2H_2O溶解平衡的Ca~2+的浓度，CaSO_4·2H_2O获得结晶的驱动力，可溶性硫酸盐起到形成晶核的作用：水化过程与CaSO_4生成复盐或析出水合物所形成的细小物相，作为异质微粒使母相中存在不均匀性，这些不均匀性有效地降低成核时的表面能位垒，使CaSO_4·2H_2O晶核优先地在这些具不均匀性的地方形成，因此这些物质起成核催化剂作用。

The dissertation considers that there is an inner relationship between various elements of e- ducology and a given culture, which produces"the culturalcharacter of educology". Educational problems have factual bases, but their nature should be considered as subjectivity, valuableness, and historicity, which distinguish educational problems from educational facts and related prob- lems of other disciplines. Besides having a logical feature of scientific concepts, the nature of edu- cational concepts should be considered as historicity, normativity, valuableness and expressivity. Educological activity is a kind of subjective activity. The subjects of educology are not only the subjects of knowledge, but also the subjects of value and practice. Educological works are products of their whole soul life, which embody their life and social ideals.

本文阐明，教育学活动的诸要素与一定的文化之间存在着内在的关联，具有文化特征，构成教育学的文化性格：教育问题有它客观的事实基础，但是教育问题的质是它的主观性、价值性、历史性，这是教育问题与教育事实以及相关学科问题的分界线；教育概念除了一般科学概念所具有的逻辑特性以外，在质上是一类历史性、规范性、价值性与表达性的概念；教育学活动是一种主体的活动，这种主体在活动中不仅是认识的主体，更是价值的主体和实践的主体，因此，教育学著作是他们整个心灵生活的结晶，体现着他们的人生和社会理想。

While in photoreduction of Cr , the titania-modified MCM-41 photocatalysts were more photoactive than the titania-silica composite (25％ TiO〓).

在光催化降解苯酚中氧化钛修饰MCM-41的光催化活性虽然不及结晶的锐钛矿相纳米氧化钛，但是仍具有较高的催化活性；在光催化还原Cr到Cr反应中氧化钛修饰MCM-41的光催化还原性明显高于部分结晶的TiO〓-SiO〓（25wt％TiO〓）复合氧化物。

It is shown that solvents may be classified by its effect into the active solvent and unactive solvent, and then, according to change of cold crystal peak area, effects of unactive solvents on the PET may be classified into three types: unchanged, reduced behind time and quickly reduced.

同时，对于非反应性的作用，依冷结晶峰面积的变化，又可分为三种类型：冷结晶峰面积不变，经诱导期后下降，无诱导期而迅速下降。

Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.

济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组，储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主，盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。；圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。；气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。；主要气源体为岩浆气源体，气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。；气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。；岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段，火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。；断裂中，CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力，CO_2气容易上浮，CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。；气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性，会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩，随着压力增加，才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩；在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下，CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下，首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集，气体压力会不断增高，当压力增至一定程度，CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。；在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下，CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。；成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式，会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡，沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。

Ti underlayer improved the magnetic and high recording characteristics of the single CoCr film and CoCr/FeNi double layer media, CoCr/FeNi double layer floppy disk with inserted Ti underlayer have more smooth surface and better envelope curve.

钛膜底层的插入使得上部磁层的结晶取向及磁特性明显改善，结晶和磁性的均匀性提高。用钛膜打底的软盘，随t〓减薄，记录灵敏度提高，重放电压增加。

The analysis of polymer structure indicates that the non-crystalline phase is the majority of the agglomerate structure and the crystalline phase is the minority, the highest crystal value only reaches the level of 0.1646;There is a definite interactionadditives and PVA, which not only reduces the crystal value of ASPE to make amorphous areas enlarge but also improve the ability of segmental motion by destroying the well-regulated and orderly character of polymer chain, meanwhile restricts the mobility of potassium cation and enhances the anionic transference number of hydroxide ions, all these improve the ionic conductivity;The ionic conductivity occurs essentially within the amorphous phase of the ASPE;The structure of ASPE doesnt change in the range of our test temperature, this means, the temperature only takes effect on degradation of complex in certain compositions, ionic mobility and segmental motions of the polymer chain.

聚合物结构分析表明：碱性固体聚合物电解质中凝聚态结构以非晶态为主，仅有少量的晶态，结晶度最大为0.1646；添加的各组分与PVA之间都有一定的相互作用，这种作用不仅破坏了聚合物链段的规整性，能够降低聚合物的结晶度，增大无定形区域，提高链段运动的能力，同时这种作用限制K~+离子的运动，提高OH~-的迁移率，从而提高离子电导率；碱性聚合物电解质的离子传导主要发生在无定形区；在本实验测试离子电导率温度范围内，聚合物内部的结构不会发生变化，即温度只会影响电解质内部络合物解离程度和载流子迁移以及聚合物链段运动的情况。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。