经济

This paper bases on the textbook Solow model, considering the effect of the reform to the economic growth in China. An augmented Solow model that includes accumulation of human capital and institution variables has been established to investigate the conditionalβconvergence of Chinese cross- province economic growth and the rural-urban inequality in China. The following research using econometrics approach indicates that the model establishing in this paper can reflect the Operation of macro-economy movement.

相关实证研究表明本文建立的计量经济学实证模型与中国经济体制改革以来的宏观经济运行情况相吻合，只有考虑了中国经济体制改革过程中的制度变迁因素，才能解释其他国家经济增长过程中普遍存在的地区经济增长β收敛现象在中国没有出现的原因，并对经济体制改革以来中国城乡经济发展不平衡问题的日益恶化作出合理的解释。

The neo-classical growth theory uses it to study growth under constant return to scale, whereas the classical economic development theory takes a descriptive approach to look into virtually all the issues in economic development. The new growth theory uses dynamic general equilibrium theory to study growth under increasing return to scale. The formalized economic development theory uses it to analyze economic development.

新古典经济增长理论只是用动态一般均衡理论研究了规模报酬不变条件下的经济增长；而古典经济发展理论则用描述性分析方法研究了几乎全部的经济发展问题；新增长理论用动态一般均衡理论分析了规模报酬递增条件的经济增长；形式化的经济发展理论则用动态一般均衡理论分析了经济发展问题。

On the basis of those theories, take the economical development as the goal, the author treats that how the international trade promotes region economy development, including the domain of dependence economic structure constituent reciprocity, grasps function about the international trade to the region economy development mechanism, formulates the most suitable region foreign trade developmental strategy, Thus assure open rhythm of our country region internal economy development, from our country national condition, using the foreign trade to promote the local economy development, cultivate area trade market, promote economies of scale formation, enhance the productivity , meanwhile strengthen this local international competition. Those are important significance of theory and the practice.

在此基础上，笔者以国际贸易理论为导向，以经济发展为目标，探讨国际贸易对区域经济发展的内在促进作用，包括有关区域经济结构组成部分的相互关系，把握好国际贸易对区域经济发展的作用机制，制定最适当的区域对外贸易发展战略，从而正确把握我国区域内部经济开发开放节奏，从我国国情出发，利用外贸促进地区经济发展、培育区际贸易市场、促进规模经济的形成、生产率的提高来增强本地区的国际竞争力等具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The analytical approach/tool of MultipleScale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism, proposed by Mario Giampietro,Kozo Mayumi, et al., based on the congruence among resource "Human Activities", resource "Exosomatic Energy Flows", and "Added Value Flows" in the hierarchical socioeconomic systems, using, in an integrated way, incommensurable variables referring to nonequivalent descriptive domains(coming from various scientific disciplines) and data gathered at distinct hierarchical levels, addresses the various relevant dimensions of societal development and sustainability.

社会代谢多尺度综合评估"分析方法，根据"人类活动"资源、"体外能"资源和"增加值三者在社会经济系统中的叠合关系，将各个尺度（如国家、经济部门、次级部门、省/州、社区、直至个别家庭）上，社会经济系统的能量代谢过程，与该系统的经济、人口（如人口的年龄结构和性别构成）、生态和社会（如义务教育和退休年龄的规定）特征结合起来，利用多个关系式，计算出社会经济系统的人类活动量、体外能投入量、劳动生产率、生物—经济压力和体外能超循环强度等参数、指标，进而综合地分析评估社会经济系统发展与可持续性。

In Chapter 6, based on the characteristics of economic system, on the basis of dividing social and economic unit, according to the principle of economic growth, this dissertation has established the eqution and eqution series of economic growth. The system solution of eqution series of economic growth, the forecasting and the optimal control problem of the economic growth process have been under consideration.

本文第六章根据经济系统的运行特点，在划分社会经济单元的基础上，重点研究和分析了一类经济增长问题的过程规律，建立了经济增长方程和经济增长方程组，研究了经济增长方程组的系统解法，并就经济增长问题的预测分析和最优控制问题作了探讨。

As a whole, the economic development of our country should be the result of an interaction and coordinated development of system changes, opening to the outside world, and duality economic transformation in recent years. In the course of our country economic grow, System Economic Grow Theory and Duality Economic Development Theory can be founded at the same time, but the devote of duality economic transformation overstep other factor.

从总体上讲，我国近些年来的经济增长应是制度转轨、对外开放与二元经济转型等因素相互作用与协同发展的结果；在我国的经济增长过程中，制度－经济增长论与二元经济发展论可以同时成立；不过，从各因素对经济增长的总量贡献上看，二元经济转型的贡献要远大于其他因素。

Chapter 6 analyses system condition factors of economy takeoff in thewestern nationality areas, including society development and economydevelopment of nationality areas, system innovation and economydevelopment, and motivity of economy development. Economydevelopment requires certain social and cultural background. They restrictand promote each other. From the experience of economy development ofboth home and abroad, innovation has provided unexhausted power foreconomy development, and system innovation is the fundamental safeguardof technological innovation.

第六章是西部民族地区经济起飞的制度环境分析，包括社会发育程度与民族地区经济发展，制度创新与经济发展，经济发展的动力机制等，经济发展离不开一定的社会文化背景，它们之间存在着相互制约、相互促进的关系，从中外经济发展的实践看，创新已成为经济发展的不竭动力，而制度创新是技术创新得以实现的根本保障。

Follow the gradually consummation of Chinese Market Economy and Successfully entered to the WTO. as well as the global economy is forming into entirety step by step. Our economy will keep pace with international and enter to the informational economy,knowledge economy,green economic period. From requirement of objective,as the single enterprise which is the main body of societal economy must promote its own into a fresh higher stage,cake continuate development.

随着我国市场经济的逐步完善和WTO的顺利加入，以及全球经济一体化的逐渐形成，我国经济也将逐步地与国际接轨，步入信息经济、知识经济、绿色经济时代，这从客观上要求作为社会经济主体的单个企业必须将自身的发展提到一个全新的高度，实施可持续发展，在满足社会发展总体需求的前提下，实现社会效益和企业效益双平衡，最终实现社会经济的健康、稳步发展和企业的经久不衰。

Eighthly, evolution of economic structure contributes little to economic growth of Shaanxi Province, regional economy in Shaanxi Province develops offbalance, the county-level economy takes on backwardness and urbanization rate is inferior to national average level and average world standard and lags behind obviously industrialization.

第八，经济社会结构演化对陕西省经济增长的贡献率低但较稳定，陕西省区域经济发展不平衡，县域经济落后，城镇化率低于全国平均水平和世界平均标准，并明显滞后于工业化水平；公有经济比重明显高于民营经济，民营经济比重明显低于全国平均水平；开发区作用日益增大。

By the look of research results made, this dissertation has innovated followingly mainly: First, the author quantized compares to a lot of angles of disparity of urban and rural economies in Hubei, and analyses the reason why disparity forms objectively, Second, from two respects of advantage of economic development in urban and rural areas of pool and inferior position in Hubei, the author carries on in-depth analysis to the current situation of a coordinated urban-rural development of Hubei, draws four main contents of a coordinated urban-rural development of Hubei; Third, it is a route choice of economic development in urban and rural areas of the pool of Hubei to propose strengthening the land economy in the county clearly, concrete way that route realize to is to develop strategy simultaneously to "6 take" to implement to want; Fourth, the author divides different county land modes of establishing a coordinated urban-rural development of Hubei in the area, and analyses deeply, and puts forward the corresponding development measure to each kind of mode.

从所取得的研究成果看，本文主要有以下创新：一是对湖北省城乡经济差距从多个角度进行了量化比较，并客观分析了差距形成的原因；二是从湖北省统筹城乡经济发展的优势和劣势两个方面，对湖北省统筹城乡经济发展现状进行深入分析，得出湖北省统筹城乡经济发展的四个主要内容；三是明确提出壮大县域经济是湖北省统筹城乡经济发展的路径选择，路径实现的具体方式是要实行&六化&并举战略；四是分区域确立了湖北省城乡经济统筹发展的不同县域模式，并对每种模式进行了深入地分析，提出了相应的发展措施。

At the rear was an innovative combination transaxle with the gearbox, clutch, differential, and inboard-mounted drum brakes.

在后面是与变速箱，离合器，差的创新结合变速，和内侧安装鼓式制动器。

For more people can apprecaite and have the master work, there is reproduction painting appears in the market, the large various selection of paint,the high saturation of color plus the plentiful sfumato, to make the reproduction perfect copy and detail as original painting, so as to meet the requirment of amateurs who love art paintings,they do not need to pay high price to get classical paintings.

颜料色域广，色彩饱和度高，色彩层次丰富，图像色彩还原真实，能完美的复制原作，满足艺术爱好者欣赏，艺术爱好者们不用支付昂贵的价格就能拥有经典油画。