等位基因

Design another set of specific primers, of which upstream and downstream primers were located in the two sides of the cleavage site respectively, to develop the one-step RT-PCR method for detecting H5 and H9 subtypes of AIV. Identify the sensitivity of the developed one-step RT-PCR method by detecting 2 AIV strains of H5 subtype and 3 AIV strains of H9 subtype, and the specificity by detecting the RNAs of NDV, IBV and IBDV as well as analogue detection using computer software.

根据H5、H9亚型HA基因序列，分别设计一套特异性引物，其上、下游引物分别位於裂解位点两侧，应用RT-PCR一步法检测AIV H5和H9亚型，并验证所建立方法的敏感性；通过检测NDV、IBV和IBDV等RNA病毒及电脑软件模拟检测，验证其特异性。

A detailed genetic linkage map covering a large region of the cotton genome based on some informative, portable and practical markers will provide a platform for evolutionary comparisons with other species,comparative mapping,QTL mapping and MAS,and structural and functional studies of the cotton genome.

以简单、可靠、适于高通量分析的分子标记构建高密度的棉花遗传连锁图谱，将不断增多的基因组信息剖析到相应的染色体片段上，才能使分子标记辅助选择育种、重要数量性状基因的图位克隆等后续的研究得到顺利开展。

In this study, analyses of yield combining ability, SSR molecular markers was made to study in 198 combinations which come from different strains in the basic S1 66 plants of 39007 and 39002 groups and three types of tests in Incomplete Diallel Cross Experiments.

以39002和39007群体不同基本株的S166个单株及其与3个测验种按不完全双列杂交试验设计组配198个组合为供试材料，对单株产量的配合力和供试群体S1的多态位点数，基因杂合度等参数进行了分析，并利用遗传相似系数进行聚类。

The macrocyclic polyamines are a kind of excellent ligands and have a substantially high binding affinity with transition metal ions. Macrocyclic polyamine metal complexes as enzyme models are widely used in chemical biology, medicine and gene therapy. 1, 4, 7, 10-tetrazacyclododecane is a representative macrocyclic polyamines compound and shows high binding affinity with transition metal ions, such as Zn, Cu and Co. Their metal complexes especially multinuclear complexes were widely used in DNA, RNA recognition.

大环多胺化合物是一类性质独特的优秀配体，具有良好的金属配位能力，其金属配合物作为人工酶模型广泛应用于核酸结构及功能研究、基因表达与调控、抗癌药物的研制等生物、化学和医学领域。1，4，7，10-四氮杂十二烷是典型的大环多胺化合物，对过渡金属离子Zn， Cu and Co有良好的配位能力，这些金属配合物特别是多核金属配合物被广泛应用于DNA识别中。

The divergence time of nasuta species was dated to be 1～3 mya, later than the divergence of sibling species D.

倒位、基因转变等事件可能是nasuta亚群遗传分化的主要来源。

Ve schizophrenic inpatients will be enrolled into the 6-week, randomized, double-blind trial of sarcosine monotherapy (1000~3000 mg/day, N=75) vs. risperidone (2~6 mg/d, N=75). We will measure clinical efficacy and side effects biweekly during the treatment. At the beginning and the end of the trial, we will also measure cognitive function (e.g. intellect, attention, memory, executive function), serum amino acids, expressions of mRNA (by realtime quantitative RT-PCR) and protein of NMDA-related genes (such as SHMT2, AMT, PSAT1, ASCT1, and serine racemase) in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

第一部份将收案150位未曾治疗之精神分裂症住院患者，以双盲方式随机给予六周sarcosine (1000-3000 mg/day，N=75)或risperidone (2-6 mg/day，N=75)治疗，我们将每两周评估临床疗效与安全性，并在研究开始及结束时，评量认知功能(智能、注意力、记忆力、执行功能)并测定血清中glycine或D-serine浓度以及SHMT2、AMT、PSAT1、ASCT1、serine racemase等基因於周边淋巴球之mRNA (以realtime RT-PCR测定)与蛋白质表现量。

Beginning in 1996, these UK researchers, working with colleagues in Papua, New Guinea and Perth, Australia, increased surveillance for kuru with an expanded field team, and found 11 cases over a period ending in June 2004. All of the patients were born before the cessation of "mortuary feasting," with the youngest one born in 1959. They all lived in the South Fore area, and the researchers obtained detailed histories, including their exposure to mortuary feasts, as well as neurological and genetic data.

从1996年开始，这些英国研究者和巴不亚新几内亚以及澳洲珀斯的同僚一起合作，以田野调查团队方式进行对kuru的监控，至2004年6月为止发现了11例；这些病患都是在「太平间盛宴」终止之前出生，最年轻的一位病患出生於1959年，他们都住在南Fore地区，而且研究者对他们参加太平间盛宴的历史和神经学以及基因等相关数据均充分掌握。

The crossover operation in the traditional GA operating is that choose two chromosome cross only at random also you can cross a bit, match and cross partly, cross order and cross cycle etc.

传统GA算法中的交*操作，是随机选取两个染色体进行单点交*(也可以多点交*、部分匹配交*、顺序交*和周期交*等等)，但是不管是采用何种交*操作，新的子代染色体某一基因位上的值都是由两个父代染色体中相应基因位值经过一定交*运算(直接交换或经算术运算等)所得到的，采用这种交*算子操作使群体经过多次迭代后群体中的个体开始出现极大的相似性，因此照此下去就会出现早期收敛现象，使得算法的收敛速度非常慢甚至只能求到问题的局部最优解。

Cultured PC12 cells were incubated with Fluo 3-AM working solution (the final concentration of Fluo 3-AM is 5μmol/L) at 37℃for 45min, followed by 3 times washes with the culture medium. The cultured neurons grown on glass coverslips were placed in a cell chamber on the stage of an inverted microscope.

多种应激刺激通过细胞内信号转导途径使CREB第133位的丝氨酸磷酸化而激活，活化的CREB直接或间接激活相关基因的转录，进而表述某些蛋白分子以及某些神经营养因子等，进而调节神经元在应激性损伤后再生、存活及修复等。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。