电流脉冲

In order to drive a high impedance load such as HPM sources, it is necessary to commutate FCG's long pulse width, high-current and low voltage pulse to a short pulse with high voltage.

为用FCG驱动象HPM源这样较高阻抗的负载，必须使用脉冲功率调制电路把FCG产生的低电压、大电流、上升时间长的电压脉冲转化为高电压、上升时间短的脉冲。

This high voltage electrostatic precipitation controller has 7 channels of analog input,2 channels of analog output, 12 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs. The analog input includes primary current, secondary current, primary voltage, secondary voltage, etc. Controller uses MAX 187 as the A/D converter, which ensure the sampling speed and the conversion precision in the same time. The processor unit is RCM2250 module. Rabit 2000 processor, a 128K SRAM and a 256K Flash Rom are integrated in RCM2250, which improves the performance of pricipitation controller. MAX504 is used to produce the 4~20mA current output.

模拟量输入采集的信号有升压变压器一次电流、一次电压、二次电流、二次电压等，采用12位逐次比较式A/D转换器MAX187，兼顾采样速率和转换精度；中央处理单元采用以8位嵌入式处理器Rabbit2000为基础的RCM2250模块，外扩128KSRAM和256K Flash ROM，内部资源丰富，提高了控制器的整体性能；模拟量输出采用内带基准源的10位电压输出数模转换器MAX504，实现了标准4～20mA电流信号输出；控制器通过控制算法在相应开关量点上输出可控硅的触发脉冲。

A series of researches have been developed on cathode design, process control and machining gap control etc. Several results that are valuable to applications and instructively significant have been gained.PECM is a new technology that the pulse power, especially the high frequency and short pulse current power, is applied and the traditional direct current power is replaced instead.

脉冲电化学加工是用脉冲电源代替传统的直流电源，尤其是高频、窄脉冲电流的引入，使脉冲电化学加工中间隙过程的电化学特性、流场特性和阳极溶解特性等都得到了很大的改善，其加工精度、表面质量和加工效率都有了很大的提高。

In this paper the pulse measurement used to measure the pulse ionization electron current for electron impact ion source of time of flight mass spectrometer was discussed, the shortcoming of average current measurement was analyzed, and the practical measuring circuit of the pulse was given.

本文讨论了脉冲测量技术在飞行时间质谱计电子轰击离子源中测量脉冲离化电子流的应用，分析了平均电流测量方法测量脉冲离化电子流的局限性，给出了实际的脉冲测量电

It includes high power high voltage constant-current-charging system, capacitors bank, discharge control system, power supply of preignition for Xe-flashlamps, general control and diagnostic system. The power conditioning system drives flashlamps that pump the SSHCL. Flashlamps are driven by high voltage Silicon Controlled Rectifiers switched, resonant charged, discharge pulse forming network. The system uses microchip and digital circle which is based on CAN-bus for control and diagnostics. Energy diagnosis and thermal management are controlled by computers.

其中大功率高压恒流充电装置采用了L-C串联谐振电路，充电功率大，效率较高；储能装置采用了多节脉冲成形网络，可产生波形良好的强电流放电脉冲；放电控制装置采用高压大功率晶闸管，开关速度快，工作稳定；预燃与触发装置采用了开关电源电路，效率高、功耗小；总控与测量装置采用基于CAN总线的数字电路和单片机技术，控制冷却系统在激光器出光时对脉冲氙灯进行水冷，并对全系统进行控制和状态检测，同时具有过压、过流、过热等保护功能。

The pulsed Nd:YAG laser cladding is one of the most effective methods of the precise repairing technology. It is decided by the voltage, electric current, pulse length, pulse frequency, scanning speed and beam diameter of the Nd:YAG laser.

脉冲Nd：YAG激光熔覆技术是精密修复塑料模具最有效的方法之一，激光器的电压、电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率与激光的扫描速度、光斑直径等工艺参数直接影响着熔覆的质量。

And then to study the both structures' emission characteristic.It was found that the Al-AlN could emit electrons. The two different structures' emission efficiency has prodigious distinction. The first one whose electron emitter film is on the top was much easier to engender the straitens gaps. And it could engender the straitens gaps at larger area than the other one.

经过实验我们发现(1)对于发射层位于电极之上的结构观测到可测量的发射电流(2)当电子发射层位于电极之上，一排电子发射单元的总电阻介于20~150Ω之间时，电形成过程中，给电极间加脉冲电压，在第一个脉冲周期中就能把Al-AlN电子发射薄膜烧断；而对于电子发射层位于电极之下的结构，在电形成过程中，则需要几个脉冲周期之后才能将电子发射薄膜烧断。

Station communications subsystem battery discharge due to the long-off and other reasons to enable to shorten battery life or near end-of-life issues, the charger using electronic sweep pulse technology, uninterrupted electricity to issue a specific pulse frequency, the use of momentary high-current activation "ill "battery plate, electric pulse so that re-crystallization of lead sulfate crystals into a small, highly reversible electrochemical activity of lead sulfate to be able to participate in the normal charging and discharging of the electrochemical reaction, so that waste batteries back to life, back to and new battery is almost the same capacity, the same time, greatly extended battery life.

针对通信机站子系统蓄电池因长期过放电等原因使蓄电池寿命缩短或接近报废的问题，该充电机采用电子扫频脉冲技术，不间断地发出特定频率电脉冲波，利用瞬间大电流激活&生病&的电池极板，电脉冲波使硫酸铅结晶重新转化为晶体细小、电化学活性高的可逆硫酸铅，使其能够正常地参与充放电的电化学反应，使废旧的蓄电池起死回生，恢复到与新电池几乎一样的容量，同时大大延长了电池使用寿命。

The technique problems such as quick charging of high voltage capacitor, uniform discharge in high pressure large aperture zone, uniform flow of high pressure gas, and laser resonator, high energy pulse output and high repetition pulse output, were solved by applications of ultraviolet preionization, two-circuit series and parallel discharge structure of graphite Ernst electrode, folded resonator that embodies super-thin water-cooled non-deforming mirror, closed circle direct cooling system of double loop and high-voltage high-current switch power supply.

采用紫外预电离双路Ernst石墨电极串并联放电结构、超薄水冷不变形镜折叠腔、双回路直冷式封闭循环流动系统和高压大电流快脉冲开关电源等技术，解决了高功率高压电容充电、高气压大体积均匀辉光放电、高气压高速均匀流场、激光谐振腔和高脉冲能量、高重复频率脉冲激光输出等技术难题。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。