生育的

Private life history of micro-history, the historical era as the time axis of the comprehensive written privacy of the individual life history - the wall in the men's power and the power of women, the elderly and young people the power of the power of the master's power and servants the power of small family squabbles, the large royal family massacre - involving the fundamental aspects of human life, small to areas such as residential, bedroom and couch, large, such as family life, home environment, friends, space, religion and fertility, education, and death, is today an authority in private life history of mankind.

私人生活史》以微观历史的角度，以历史年代为时间纵轴，全面书写个人的私密生活史——围墙中男人的权力与女人的权力、老人的权力与青年的权力、主人的权力与仆从的权力，小到家庭争吵，大到王室血案——涉及人类生活的各个基本方面，小到诸如住宅、卧室和床榻，大到诸如家庭生活、家居环境、交友空间、宗教信仰以及生育、教育、死亡等，是现今一部权威的人类私人生活史。

The appearance of the specific levirate custom existing in the Hun and the Hsienpei Tungusic in Han and Wei dynasties is the inevitable results of the laws of geographical environment and social development. Living in the high latitudes and dry cold inland areas, plus being heavily short of virtual zinc, a trace element in soil, lead to a high death rate of child-bearing age women. In order to guarantee a normal birth-rate, the Hun and Hsienpei Tungusic had to adopt levirate to ensure healthy child-bearing age women to give birth to offspring as many as they can.2 Trace element in soil under geographical environment and the cultural process of Huang-huai-hai Plain(the Yellow River, Huai River and Hai River ) in historical period.

本文具体的研究涉及三个问题：地理环境下的土壤微量元素与匈奴、鲜卑的"收继婚"问题：我认为汉魏时期匈奴和鲜卑族中特有的"收继婚"俗的产生，是地理环境和社会发展规律相互作用的必然产物；由于匈奴、鲜卑所处纬度高、气候干燥而寒冷的内陆地区，加之土壤微量元素中严重缺乏有效锌，因而造成了育龄妇女的大量死亡，以致为了保证正常的种的繁衍，匈奴和鲜卑不得不采取"收继婚"的婚姻形式，来确保健康的育龄妇女尽可能的去生育后代。

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是"神经紊乱症"；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于"性无度"，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是"反生育欺诈"，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于"性"的关注由来已久，特别是那些"十恶不赦"，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于"性"的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断"性"已时不我待，"性"报告堆积如山，"性"治疗大张旗鼓，以此掩护夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入"危险的青春期"少年们的"性"万无一失。

Also the adolescent age's biology and physiology, and human's heritable disease, sex hygiene, sex transmitting

从生物学、生理学的角度，在讲述这门课开设的意义、性分化的生物学意义和人类生殖模式的基础上，简要讲述人类性行为的特点和进化，进而讲解男女生殖器官的基本结构与机能、性机能的生物学和生理学基础及其调节控制、人类受精、胚胎发育、生育、性的发育与分化以及青春期的生物学、生理学知识和问题，并讲述人类遗传病、性卫生、性传播疾病包括艾滋病的预防和控制等基本知识。

This course includes the basic structures and functions of Human's reproductive organs ; human fertilization ; development ; women's breeding ; sex development and differentiation. Also the adolescent age's biology and physiology, and human's heritable disease, sex hygiene, sex transmitting diseases will be introduced. Through this course students will understand themselves deeply.

从生物学、生理学的角度，在讲述这门课开设的意义、性分化的生物学意义和人类生殖模式的基础上，简要讲述人类性行为的特点和进化，进而讲解男女生殖器官的基本结构与机能、性机能的生物学和生理学基础及其调节控制、人类受精、胚胎发育、生育、性的发育与分化以及青春期的生物学、生理学知识和问题，并讲述人类遗传病、性卫生、性传播疾病包括艾滋病的预防和控制等基本知识。

The identification and study of the control factors that regulate gene expression at different stages are of great value to elucidate the mechanism of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. Such study can also provide foundation and cues to investigating the mechanism of infertility and immunological contraception.

作为体内高度分化的雄性生殖细胞，精子发生过程中经历了从形态到生化的复杂变化，在这一过程中有一系列的特定基因按严格的时空顺序转录和翻译，因此寻找和研究不同发育阶段的差异表达的基因，将有助于最终阐明精子发生的机理，并为控制生育和不育机理的探索提供新的线索。

It'sa recurrent summer-time scenario in the pediatric emergency room and doctors from Johns Hopkins Children's are sounding the alarm about it: An otherwise healthy infant is brought in by panicked parents after suffering a seizure, which turns out to be caused by drinking too much water.

这是经常性的夏季时间的情况在儿科急诊室，医生从约翰霍普金斯儿童的都是冠冕堂皇的警钟约： 1 ，否则生育健康婴儿的是带来了在由惊惶失措的父母后的痛苦，检获，原来是所造成的饮用太多的水。

In conclusion, these results suggested that (1) the ageing-associated decline in fertility of female KM mouse was due to a decrease in both quantity and quality of oocytes;(2) the ooplasm from young mice did not correct the meiotic errors of aged mice, and the ooplasm from aged mice did not induce abnormal segregation of meiotic chromosome of young mice, indicating that meiotic anomalies found in the oocytes of aged mice might be related to nucleus or chromosomes and relevant factors;(3) a critical nucleocytoplasmic ratio was essential for normal maturation and segregation of meiotic chromosomes of oocytes and development to 2-cell embryos.

本研究结果表明：（1）昆明白小鼠与衰老相关的生育力下降是其卵母细胞数量减少和质量下降的综合结果；（2）年轻小鼠卵母细胞细胞质不能纠正老龄小鼠GV的减数分裂错误，老龄小鼠卵母细胞细胞质也不诱导年轻小鼠的GV发生减数分裂错误，老龄小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂异常很可能与细胞核或染色体及其相关因素有关；（3）关键的核质比对卵母细胞正常的成熟、减数分裂染色体分离及2-细胞期胚的发育是绝对必需的。

The author analyses factors constructing sexualities which influence female bodies, including age, gender, sexual experience, experience of contraception and pregnancy, mother and sisters, sexual partners, mass media, commercial agencies, as well as the imagined western culture, Chinese traditions and 'male' as a category.

作者同时分析了女性的身体和性得以建构的具体情境：个体生命历程中的年龄、性别、性经验、生育等因素，生活空间中的以母女、姐妹、性伴侣为中心的关系性因素，传媒、商家、研究所创作的话语性因素，以及是女性所感受到的、相对于想象的西方文化与传统而存在的中国现时文化的因素。

The wild aromatic root of the Queen Anne's lace weed has been fine-tuned over generations by selective herb gatherers until it has evolved into a sweet carrot of the garden; the udders of wild bovines have been selectively enlarged in a "unnatural" way to satisfy humans rather than calves.

野生胡萝卜（Queen Anne's Lace）那散发着香气的根，也是由挑剔的采药人经过了一代又一代的精心调培，最后才进化成花园里甜美的萝卜的；奶牛乳房也是通过选择以一种&非自然&的方式增大了的，满足的是人类的需要而不是牛的生育需要。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。