独裁的

As his life ebbed away, the enigmatic ex-soldier who had ruled with a rod of iron for 32 years until 1998 was visited by two fellow retired autocrats—Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamed and Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew—who, naturally, emphasised his achievements as a statesman and staunch anti-communist.

随着身体状况逐渐恶化，这位退伍的老将军心安理得的强调他作为一名政治家和一位坚定的反共分子的功绩。他高深莫测，象谜一样。Suharto对这个国家的专制统治长达32年之久。直到1998年另外两个退出政坛的独裁家，马来西亚的Mahathir和新加坡的Lee Kuan Yew的来访才告终结。

But parents would pay professors to teach their children immorality and falsehoods; besides, according to Mr. Thiers, if education were left to national liberty, it would cease to be national, and we would be teaching our children the ideas of the Turks or Hindus; whereas, thanks to this legal despotism over education, our children now have the good fortune to be taught the noble ideas of the Romans.

但是父母们将支付给教师们报酬，让他们来教导自己的孩子养成不道德和撒谎的习性；此外，根据梯也尔（Thiers，1797—1877，法国政治人物和历史学家）先生的观点，如果教育都留给国家自由处置，它将止于国家的教育，而我们教给我们孩子的就只能是土耳其人或印度人的观念；然而，感谢这种合法的独裁教育，我们的孩子现在幸运的被教给罗马人的高贵观念。

To deal with various risks in the production of space,local governments have to cease the monopolization in land requisition and expropriation,and establish the balance of interests between correlative groups and national institutions in the circulation of lands.To deal with risks in the games of new society,local governments must adjust the systems and policies concerned,and avoid just scratching the surface of a problem.To deal with risks in reallocation of social resources and social administration concerned with policy output,many local governments already have material condition to effectively break them,and the key is to improve their administerial skills in policy making and implementation.To deal with risks in vicious competition between city governments in urbanization,which are actually the manifest of malfunction of market mechanism,local governments must put the centralization mechanism into full play,and strengthen the social check and balance mechanism,in order to effectively regulate market mechanism and realize the organic interactions between social units,democracy,and market.

要破解地方政府在空间生产中风险重重的局面，必须改变政府在土地征用征收上的独裁专断格局，完善土地流转中各个相关利益群体间的权利均衡以及国家机构间的权力均衡机制；地方政府在新型社会博弈中的风险，也需要相关制度与政策的调整，不能停留在治标不治本的层次；在社会资源再分配与社会管制等政策输出方面的风险，许多地方政府已经具备了有效化解的物质条件，主观上提高政策制定与执行的行政技能是解决此类问题的关键；我国城市政府在发展地方经济推进地方城镇化中的恶性竞争风险，本质上是市场机制失灵的一种表现，必须通过充分运用集权机制、强化社会制约机制从而有效规制市场机制，实现科层、民主、市场三种机制的良性对接，政府、社会、企业三种力量的有机互动，才能解决。

Even those to whom his great strength had been a burden, those whom he had overshadowed, admitted when he had departed from the scene and they were faced with other orators and demagogues, that never again would they see a character of such precious moderation and such eminent humility; and that power which in their envy they had described as autocracy and tyranny, seemed to them now the very cornerstone of the survival of the State.

即使那些把他的力量看作是一种负担，被他所埋没的人现在也承认，当他们摆脱了他而遇到其他对手或煽动者的时候，他们再也没有遇到过如此珍贵的温和和如此卓越的人道了。他们曾经所描述的独裁专制的权力现在看起来却成了国家生存所必不可少的基石。

Likewise, there were three main forms of government, each supported by a social "principle": monarchies (free governments headed by a hereditary figure, e.g. king, queen, emperor), which rely on the principle of honor; republics (free governments headed by popularly elected leaders), which rely on the principle of virtue; and despotisms (enslaved governments headed by dictators), which rely on fear.

同样的，存在三种主要的政府形式，每一种由一种社会&原则&支撑：君主制（以一个继承的人物，比如国王，王后或皇帝为首的自由政府）依赖于荣誉原则；共和制（以大众选举的领导者为首的自由政府），依赖于美德的原则；独裁制（以独裁者为首的奴役政府），依赖于恐惧。

The Diadochi, or Successors, were only strong enough to hold together fragments of Alexander's empire.

n\n埃及曾经是这个帝国的一部分，从任何人的角度来看这也是一块历史悠久的土地，它现在被托勒密的继承人亚历山大最有能力的将军之一的希腊法老所统治，托勒密王朝迅速调整埃及的政治体系，采取宫廷独裁—包括每一代法老王和他姐妹间的地位以及婚姻。

N\nEgypt was one part of that empire, and by anyone's standards it is an ancient land. It is now ruled by Greek Pharaohs, the descendants of Ptolemy I, one of Alexander's able generals. The Ptolemaic dynasty adjusted rapidly to Egyptian ways and adopted the royal ways of the Pharaohs - including divine status and marriage between the Pharaoh and his sister in each generation.

n\n埃及曾经是这个帝国的一部分，从任何人的角度来看这也是一块历史悠久的土地，它现在被托勒密的继承人亚历山大最有能力的将军之一的希腊法老所统治，托勒密王朝迅速调整埃及的政治体系，采取宫廷独裁—包括每一代法老王和他姐妹间的地位以及婚姻。

After Kenyatta's death in 1978, his former vice-president, Daniel arap Moi, continued this system of patronage, authoritarian rule and personal family enrichment, while tilting the centre of gravity of power away from the Kikuyu to a much smaller cluster of Kalenjin-speaking tribes, of which his own Tugen people is one of the smallest.

阿拉普？莫伊便继续着这种委任制体系与独裁主义的统治，崇尚着个体家族的繁荣。与此同时，他试图剥夺奇库尤人的核心权力并移权给讲卡楞金语部落的少数派，他自己的图金部落人民就来自于该部落群的最小部落的一个。

The big eared hedgehog, the little owl, the sand gecko, the three-toed jerboa, and every show needs a villain - saw-scale - the viper!

大耳刺猬，小猫头鹰，沙壁虎，三趾跳鼠，每场戏都需要反派角色：蝰蛇。

Plasmodiophora brassicae ; resting spores ; density gradient centrifugation of sucrose ; ultrasonic disruption

根肿；休眠孢子；蔗糖密度梯度离心；超声波破碎