物理学

The first part "On Physics" tries to analyze the cause and effect of measurement problems, including its philosophy as viewed from historism. It expounds the main thought which hides after deep physics on the standpoint of philosophy. It also reviews the new physical picture of this new theory.

上篇&物理学诠释&先用历史主义的观点剖析&测量难题&的来龙去脉及其带来的哲学问题，并简单介绍了由此引发的模态解释的背景和定义；再从哲学的视角阐述模态解释深层的物理学思想内核和理论框架；最后全面、整体地透视模态解释所勾勒出的新的量子图景，并在此基础上提出&模态是一种物理实在，概率是对模态的定量描述&的全新思想。

The first part "On Physics" tries to analyze the cause and effect of measurement problems, including its philosophy as viewed from historism. It expounds the main thought which hides after deep physics on the standpoint of philosophy. It also reviews the new physical picture of this new theory.

上篇&物理学诠释&先用历史主义的观点剖析&测量难题&的来龙去脉及其带来的哲学问题，并简单介绍了由此引发的模态解释的背景和定义；再从哲学的视角阐述模态解释深层的物理学思想内核和理论框架；最后全面、整体地****模态解释所勾勒出的新的量子图景，并在此基础上提出&模态是一种物理实在，概率是对模态的定量描述&的全新思想。

Lenard's first work was done in the field of mechanics, when he published a paper on the oscillation of precipitated water drops and allied problems and in 1894 he published the Principles of Mechanics left behind by Hertz.

1892年起任波恩大学的讲师和赫兹教授的助手，1894年被任命为布雷斯劳大学的教授，1895年成为亚琛工业大学的物理学教授，1896年海德堡大学理论物理学教授，1898年为基尔大学教授。

In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principles possible.

在经典物理学那种像机器一样的世界中，人类的理性就显得，因为经典物理学的机械性质并不创造性的逻辑推理。而正是这种能力致使经典原理的阐述得以成为可能。

Mention Ma He, we are most the person knows he is a mentalistic philosopher only, it is the author of experience criticism, what may not know him to ever had undertaken profundity to classical physics theory is critically, what pulled open revolution of 20 centuries physics thereby is prelusive, direct or his thought is indirect affected a lot of physicist, wait for a few main members of Copenhagen school like Bo Er, Haisenbai.

提起马赫，我们大多数人只知道他是一位唯心主义哲学家，是经验批判主义的创始人，可能并不知道他曾对经典物理学理论进行过深刻的批判，从而拉开了20世纪物理学革命的序幕，他的思想直接或间接影响了很多物理学家，像玻尔、海森伯等哥本哈根学派的一些主要成员。

The creative point of this dissertation consists firstly in that monochromatic stimuli instead of combined spectral power distribution were used as visual object, and spectral luminous efficacy curves were drawn from the performance-based method; Comparison between performance-based method and brightness-matching method was then done and therefore connection between these two methods was developed; One more creative point is that the analysis based on the theory of neurophysiology and psychophysics leads to the conclusion that contribution of the colour channel during visual information processing is reflected from performance-based method, which should be considered when CIE develops the new mesopic photometry system.

论文的新颖之处在于实验中使用了单色光谱代替复合谱或物体色作为视觉目标，在分析中间视觉状态下视觉功能的光谱响应特性的基础上反推了人眼的光谱光视效率函数；论文更进一步验证了基于视觉功能法和传统的视亮度匹配法之间的联系，在两种方法之间构造了一座桥梁，为基于视觉功能法的使用初步建立了理论依据；同时论文创新地采用心理物理学的方法进行实验和结合物理学和视神经生理学的知识对实验结果进行分析，从而从视觉信息处理的神经机制层面证明了基于视觉功能法获得的结果包含了视觉颜色通道效应，并对CIE在建立新的中间视觉光度学系统时要充分考虑这一视觉颜色通道的影响提出了建议。

The only way to embrace this position would seem to be in combination with a denial of microphysical causal closure, holding that there are fundamental dispositions above the microphysical level, which have phenomenal properties as their grounds.

仅有的出路，要满足此点的话，是拒绝微观物理学的因果闭合，认为有基础部署在微观物理学水平之上，而这有现象属性作为它们的基础。

1920S and 1930s is an important period in the history of Chinese education , because it is a vivid and dramatic period which the expansion to bachelor of physics in domestic before Chinese independence , and also a nativistic period to the development of Chinese physics .

20世纪二三十年代是我国教育史上一个很重要的历史时期，因为它是新中国建国前国内物理学本科教育开展的最有声有色的时期，也是中国具有近代意义的物理学发展的本土化时期。

Reading Bohr: Physics and Philosophy offers a new perspective on Niels Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics as complementarity, and on the relationships between physics and philosophy in Bohr's work, which has had momentous significance for our understanding of quantum theory and of the nature of knowledge in general.

读博尔：物理学和哲学在尼尔斯·博尔的把量力学看作互补性身上提供一个新远景，并且在在博尔的工作里的在物理学和哲学之间的关系上，通常，已经有我们的理解量子理论的重大的意义和知识的性质。

Urban Remnant Natural Area is left behind in the urban planning area along with urbanization. Its landscape assessment is significant for urban natural preservation. On the basis of URNA's characteristics and in line of the domestic actual situation, psychophysical method, one of the most scientific and credible methods, is chosen to establish the complete landscape assessment system, including acquiring scenic beauty value by SBE method, dividing into different influencing factors by SD method, and setting up their connection model by multiple linear regression analysis. This method is also revised during the application process.

城市自然遗留地是随着城市化的进程在城市规划区内遗留下来的用地，根据城市自然遗留地城市性、自然性和遗留性的特点，结合国内的实际情况，运用目前最严格、可靠性最好的心理物理学方法，以相片为测试材料，采用SBE法获得美景度量值，SD法测定各景观要素量值，以及多元线性回归方法建立2者的关系模型，最终提出了城市自然遗留地景观美学评价完整的方法体系，并修正和完善了心理物理学方法在城市自然遗留地领域的具体应用。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。