热传导

A new theoretical model has been developed to describe the whole ablation process,including the effect of dynamic absorptance and evaporation.

提出了描述整个飞秒多脉冲激光烧蚀过程的物理模型，模型考虑了多脉冲烧蚀的新的特点，考虑靶材吸收率随温度的变化和蒸发效应，建立了激光烧蚀不同阶段的热传导方程，给出了相应的定解条件。

This will prevent heat transfer between air within and outside the duct s and condensation on duct s carrying cold air.

这会防止管道内外空气间的热传导并避免传送冷空气的管道上发生冷凝现象。

However, increase of heat transfer rate is less than that of air mass flow rate.

与预期相吻合，热传导率的大小取决于气流的制冷率。

A high-order alternating direction implicit method for solving two or three dimensional heat equations is proposed. The method is fourth order in space and second order in time.

提出了数值求解二维和三维热传导方程的高精度交替方向隐式方法，其空间为四阶精度，时间为二阶精度，并通过Neumann方法证明是无条件稳定的。

The quasi steady state analytical method is used to calculate the temperature in the heat structure.

用集总参数法来计算热传导；在正常的工况下，用含两个传热区的两相对流传热模型，计算流体与管壁间的换热。

Based on the heating flow equation, the tip temperature of the cone field emitters were computed self-consistently in Nottingham effect and in Jouel heating. The temperature as a function of structure parameter and physical parameter of the cone emitter was calculated.

从热传导方程出发，考虑Nottingham效应和焦耳热情况下，采用自洽求解了圆锥形场发射体的尖端表面温度；定量讨论了温度与给定的圆锥形场发射体的结构参量与物理参中的关系。

The project for passenger cars with engine piston aluminum alloy, alloy components through optimal design, rare earth - Modification of phosphorus salt air and bottom melting slabs, metal-cast aluminum piston at the end of riser feeding process, heat treatment process parameters of choice , Nano-Detroit surface coating materials, such as key technology research and development with a density of small, light weight, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion of small, high temperature and have sufficient strength, wear and corrosion resistance , Aluminum piston size and good stability, its integrated technical indicators have reached the leading domestic level.

项目介绍（简介、技术特点、应用范围、市场前景、效益分析及对投资者要求。500字以内）本项目针对乘用车发动机用铝合金活塞，通过合金成分优化设计、稀土－磷盐复合变质处理与炉底透气砖熔炼技术、铝活塞金属型铸造底冒口补缩工艺、热处理工艺参数的选择、纳米级活塞表面涂层材料等关键技术的研究，开发出具有密度小、质量轻、热传导性好、热膨胀系数小，并具有足够的高温强度、耐磨和耐蚀性能、尺寸稳定性好的铝合金活塞，其综合技术指标达到国内领先水平。

The relationships between strain and stress of several kinds of high strength fibers, such as Kevlar, Twaron and Dyneema were obtained, and the dependence of mechanical properties of fibers on the strain rate was gotten and explained from the microstructures and deformation mechanism of fibers. Then, the damage and failures of plates with the reinforcement of fibers under high velocity impacting were studied experimentally. Based on experimental results, a set of equations was presented to depicted the deceleration of penetrator. The dynamic response of fiber cluster and sandwich were simulated successfully with a new algorithm and code, which was developped by our group. The coupling effect of stress wave and thermal conduction could be considered with acceptable accuracy and CPU time.

其中，获得了以芳纶纤维为代表的7种纤维的动态应力应变关系，从材料微观机制解释了纤维束的应变率相关特征；得到了板材在高速冲击下的能量吸收机理，以及影响能量吸收机制转变的主要因素；发展了一种新型的原位光学测试技术，以之可以测量试件在冲击加载下的变形场及其演化，该技术除了在本项目应用外，还可以对剪切带的萌生演化、孔洞动态扩张规律进行较好的观察，以弥补相关研究中实验证据的缺乏；发展了含热传导的冲击动力学有限元程序，在侵彻、绝热剪切带、脉冲激光诱导结构破坏等问题的分析中得到了较好的应用。

During the calculation of the early age temperature field, the early age physical and mechanical performance of concrete varies with its age, therefore in the second chapter we discuss the early age physical and mechanical performance of concrete and its development regulation with time, we emphasize elastic module and the development about the early age strength of concrete varying with time, at the same time consider the effect of shrink and creep upon the early age of concrete, in succession discuss how to confirm the physical parameter of thermodynamics of concrete.

之后讨论了混凝土的热物理参数的确定。为了能够正确合理的应用有限元方法求解早期混凝土温度场问题，第三章论述了求解温度场的有限元方法。第三章首先对热传导的微分方程作了阐述。之后确定温度场的边界条件。本章采用变分原理推导有限单元法计算温度场的公式。因此在第二小节叙述了变分原理，然后阐明了不稳定温度场的计算的三种方法，确定第四章分析中将采用向后差分法求解0#箱梁早期的温度场。

The containment of heat and transfer of maximum heat to the T-bar permits a substantial improvement in thermal efficiency and a substantial reduction of power consumption.

热的保持和对T型杆最大的热传导允许热效率的很大改善和大大减小功率消耗。T型杆的加热边缘用容易替换的特氟隆涂覆的加热槽覆盖。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。