热产生

When meteorite hit the Earth surface, it created shockwave to transfer the kinetic energy to the Earth surface. When the speed of meteorite strike reached 10 km/second, the pressure of shockwave can reach several millions bar to compress the target terrane to produce heat, the effect of impact deformation caused by it is several scales stronger than rock intensity, the granite would melt down once the pressure of shockwave reached about 500 thousands bar, the granite would gasify (solid became liquid and meanwhile further became gaseity) once reaching over 600 thousand bar.

当陨石撞击地表时产生冲击波把陨石的动能传给地表，在陨击速度达到10公里/秒时冲击波的压力可达到数百万巴并压缩靶点岩层物质产生热，它产生的冲击变形效应比岩石强度大几个量级，冲击波压力约50万巴时花岗岩就熔化，大于60万巴时花岗岩就气化（在固态转为液态同时进一步转为气态）。

The invention discloses an optical-fiber all-optical code converter, comprising a temperature control circuit as well as optical-fiber Mach-Zed interferometer, heat sink, semiconductor refrigerator, thermosensitive resistor and radiator, where the interferometer is composed of two cascaded 3dB couplers on the heat sink, the relation between length difference delta L of two arms of the interferometer and generated delay time difference delta T is that delta L=c.delta T/n, where c is light velocity in vacuum and n is refractive index of optical fiber; the thermosensitive resistor is used to detect temperature of interferometer, the temperature control circuit is used to compare feedback voltage of the thermosenstive resistor with a given voltage to regulate working current of the semiconductor refrigerator, and the semiconductor refrigerator refrigerates or heat two arms of the interferometer by the heat sink.

本发明公开了一种光纤型全光码型转换器，它包括温控电路和位于密封盒内的光纤型马赫-泽德干涉仪、导热热沉、半导体制冷器、热敏电阻以及散热片；干涉仪由位于导热热沉上的二个3dB耦合器级联而成，两臂的长度差ΔL与产生的延时差ΔT之间的关系为ΔL＝c。ΔT/n，c为真空中光速，n为光纤折射率；热敏电阻用于对干涉仪的温度进行探测，温控电路用于比较热敏电阻反馈的探测电压和设定电压，对半导体制冷器的工作电流进行调节，半导体制冷器通过导热热沉对干涉仪两臂同时进行制冷或加热。

This study experimentally examined the heat transfer characteristics of 180-deg turning duct under forced convection cooling, as the internal cooling structure of 180-deg turning duct is widely applied to industrial cooling. While several perforated holes were separately arranged within the 180-deg turning duct, the cold flow of better cooling capability was guided in the first duct into the second duct in advance, so as to reduce the overheating of the second duct and realize uniform cooling of the machine members. In addition, the centrally separated holes could yield extra turbulence against the air current, and the interaction between bypass air current and mainstream may possibly improve the overall heat transfer capability.

本研究系以实验方法探讨180度转弯通道於强制对流冷却下之热传递特性，180度转弯通道之内部冷却构型在工业冷却之应用非常广泛，本研究设计将180度转弯通道其中间分隔具多个穿孔，目的在将第一流道内具较佳冷却能力之冷流提早引入第二流道，以减少第二流道产生过热情况，如此可使得机件获得均匀之冷却，此外，中间分隔上之穿孔对气流也具有额外之扰动效果、流经穿孔之旁通气流与主流交互作用，这都有可能增益整体热传能力。

Since ventilation and evaporative cooling are the primary means for temperature adjustment in the duck house, a relationship for the traveling distance of water particles under various thermal environment was first established. This allows for the evaluation of efficiency of foggers for evaporative cooling. The relationship was then incorporated into a mathematical model based on the energy and mass conservation principle to simulate the transient change of outdoor temperature and humidity.

由於通风与喷雾降温为调节半开放式鸭舍内温度的主要方法，首先我们推导出雾粒在完全蒸发前移动距离与热环境条件的方程式，以计算於不同热环境条件下，不同大小雾粒的蒸发比率，从而评估喷雾降温的效率；次而利用质能平衡原理建立鸭舍内喷雾降温热环境模式，以计算及预测鸭舍内受外界热环境影响而产生的温湿度变化。

Thermal-gravimetric analysis, gas chromatogram and mass spectrum method have been used to study the characteristics of sulphide pollutant that released from the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal blends.

采用热重分析和色谱、质谱偶联技术，对三种秸秆类生物质与煤混合热解过程中产生的含硫气体进行了在线检测，研究生物质对煤热解析出的COS气体的影响。

Thermal-gravimetric analysis, gas chromatogram and mass spectrum method were used to study the characteristics of hydrogen sulphide that released from the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal blends.

采用热重分析和色谱、质谱偶联技术，对3种秸秆类生物质与一种烟煤混合慢速热解中产生的H2S气体进行了在线检测，研究生物质对煤热解析出H2S气体的影响。

The effects of port injected n-heptane equivalence ratio and iso-octane direct injection timing are investigated experimentally and numerically. The results indicate that the combustion mode of iso-octane is dependant on the iso-octane direct injection timing corresponding to the stage of n-heptane HCCI combustion. In case of direct injection before the low temperature reaction of n-heptane, premixed combustion of the iso-octane occurs. In case of direct injection at the NTC period or the initial high temperature reaction stage of n-heptane, the iso-octane mainly undergoes premixed combustion.

进一步采用进气道预喷正庚烷，缸内直喷异辛烷，在没有火花点火和热EGR的辅助下利用预喷正庚烷HCCI燃烧产生活化热氛围的热作用和化学作用引燃缸内直喷高辛烷值燃料异辛烷，系统研究了不同预喷正庚烷当量比和缸内直喷时刻对直喷异辛烷燃烧模式、发动机效率和排放的影响，并用三维CFD耦合化学反应动力学对其燃烧过程进行数值模拟。

In order to reduce the tendency of hot crack in thin plate welding, a new process named Welding with Trailing Peening is used to prevent the weldments from welding hot crack by experiments and measurements from the view of mechanics.

针对焊接时薄板构件产生焊接热裂纹倾向大的缺点，从力学角度出发，采用随焊锤击的焊接新工艺，并利用试验和测试技术，来达到防止薄板焊接热裂纹的目的，开辟一条解决焊接热裂纹的新途径。

In order to reduce the tendency of hot crack in thin plate welding, a new process named Welding with Trailing Peening is used to prevent the weldments from welding hot crack by experiments and measurements from the view of mechanics. And the fundamental principle of WWTP is discussed.

针对焊接时薄板构件产生焊接热裂纹倾向大的缺点，从力学角度出发，采用随焊锤击的焊接新工艺，并利用试验和测试技术，来达到防止薄板焊接热裂纹的目的，开辟一条解决焊接热裂纹的新途径。

Quasi-natural air delivery pattern may be the most favorable dynamic pattern. So a subjective questionnaire research on t...

本文对大连夏季室外凉亭下的环境特征和人的热舒适性做了主观问卷调查研究，通过对428个有效样本的研究与分析，回归得到了人体热舒适投票值TCV与人体平均温度和周围空气温度之间的关系式，在满足该式的条件下，人体平均温度在35.7~36.5℃之间，空气温度在25.5~30.4℃之间变化，且空气相对湿度保持在40%~60%，风速在0~1.5m/s之间波动，人体都可以达到热舒适状态，并发现人们在室外自然环境下往往感觉吹风不足，这点正好与传统空调中人们易产生吹风感的抱怨相反，从而为适当提高送风速度与温度，节约空调能耗奠定了基础。

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。