概率比

The main contributions in this area are summarized as follows,? The closed-form formula and its asymptotic form of system outageprobability are derived, through which it is shown that the outage probability decreased by a factor ofγ~(hereγdenotes the average SNR);? The closed-form formula of outage capacity is derived, through which weshow that 1 outage capacity increases with the increases of mean value of sytem SNR, and decreases with the increase of the variance of system average SNR; 2 in order to obtain higher outage capacity, the number of transmit antenna should be no more than that of receive antennas.?

特别的，针对多用户发送天线选择／最大比合并系统，主要贡献总结如下：·理论推导出中断概率的闭式解及其近似解，通过该近似解，可以得到中断概率以γ~的形式减少(这里γ是平均信噪比SNR)·推导出平均中断容量的闭式表达式，研究表明：1中断容量随着有效平均SNR的均值的增加而增加，随着有效平均SNR的方差的增大而减小；2为了获得更高的中断容量，发送天线的数目应当不大于接收天线的数目。

Analysis for testability is widely used in DFT and test pattern generation, but most testability analysis algorithms have the shortcoming of either inaccuracy or being too complicated. A new method to calculate the signal probabilities of the nodes in IC is pre-sented in Chapter 7 of this dissertation. The signal probabilities by our method is more exact than by the previous ones. A symbol of the signal probability at the fan-out node is created and is propagated to the RFON (Reconvergent Fan-out Nodes). At the RFON, the expression containing the symbol is simplified using the rule which corresponds to the law of identity in Boolean algebra. After the expression is simplified, the symbol is substituted with its numeric value. Theoretical analysis shows that this method is concise and has a low computing complexity.

可测试性分析在可测试性设计和测试生成中都有着广泛的应用，然而大部分的可测性分析方法都存在不精确或者过于复杂的毛病，在第七章中作者提出了一种新的计算IC电路节点的信号概率值的符号算法，该算法得出的信号概率值比用以往的算法法得出的要更准确，也更简洁，针对电路中的扇出节点重汇聚现象，我们在每一个扇出节点定义了一个信号概率的符号，在以后的计算中一直使用该符号参与计算，直到该符号传播至重汇聚处，利用一定的规则把含符号的表达式化简，再将符号的真实值代入，在计算符号概率的过程中定义了一个和布尔代数中的同一律相对应的运算规则，通过该运算规则，使得信号概率的结果更加准确，符号算法具有简洁方便，计算复杂度小的特点 4。

Result-level criteria contain kill-to-loss ratio, kills per engagement, percentage of engagements survived, first shot opportunity, percentage of engagement time offensive/defensive, shots of engagement, kills per firing attempt, air-to-air related accidents, incidence of fratricide.

其中任务级准则包括任务目标完成准则，作战结果级准则包括：击毁/损失比、每次交战所击毁敌机数量、交战生存百分比、首次开火机会、交战中的攻防时间比、每次交战的射击次数、每次射击的击毁概率、空/空作战相关事件、击毁已方飞机的发生概率。

A new method for track initiation in clutter environment is presented, which combines the sequential probabilistic ratio test and expectation maximization .

4将序列概率比检验和期望极大化算法相结合，提出了一种解决杂波环境下目标跟踪起始与终止问题的新方法。

Pipeline detection; small leakage detection; sequential probability ratio test; Kalman filter; LabVIEW

管道检测；小泄漏检测；序贯概率比检验法；卡尔曼滤波器； LabVIEW

Hypothesizes test, sequential methods and statistical decision are synthesized to improve sequential probability ratio test, one of the statistical signal processing methods.

为了得到合适的信号处理方法，综合了假设检验、序贯分析及统计决策理论对本不适于泄漏判断的序贯概率比检测进行了改进。

We identify that: Constrain of short sale makes Losers seldom present contrarian effect in long period movement.

证明了受到卖空限制的约束，输者组合股票在长期表现出反向效应的概率比没有卖空限制时减小。

In the POPF model, wind farm is modeled by the probabilistic wind farm model considering the reactive power-slip characteristic, and the inequality constraints include not only the unit output constraints, the ratio constraints, the voltage constraints and the line current constraints but also the reactive compensation capacity constraints in wind farm and the system climbing capacity constraints per minute. By introducing the NCP function, the KKT conditions of POPF system are transformed equivalently. Based on the transformed nonsmooth nonlinear algebraic equations, the FOSMM is used to determine the POPF model expressed by the numerical characteristic of variables. The model includes nonsmooth functions, so it can be solved by a semismooth Newton-type method based on the subdifferential.

概率最优潮流模型中，风电场采用考虑无功功率—滑加热器差特性的风电概率模型，不等式约束中除了机组出力约束、有载调压变压器变比约束、电压约束和支路电流约束，也考虑了风电场无功补偿容量约束、系统的分钟级爬坡能力约束；使用非线性互补函数将概率最优潮流的KKT条件转化为一组包含有不光滑函数的非线性代数方程组，然后基于一次二阶矩法确定了以待求量的数字特征表示的POPF模型，由于该模型包含不光滑函数，因此采用基于次微分的半光滑牛顿型方加热器法求解。

Compared with orthogonal spread spectrum fingerprints embedding technology, the system will be increase of 40% for the probability of capturing colluders depending on the number of users.

该系统在高斯分布情况下，对一定的共谋攻击者，系统俘获其的概率比正交扩频指纹系统提高了约40%，从而增强了追踪非法用户的能力，进一步提高了指纹加密系统的鲁棒性。

Starting from the statistic characteristics of the signal and noise, the relationship between false-alarm probability and threshold SNR is deduced, as well as detection probability and SNR. The formula of operating range for spot target is given.

从信号和噪声的统计特性出发，文中详细推导了虚警概率与门限信噪比、探测概率与信噪比的关系，基于此推导了红外成像系统对点源目标的作用距离公式。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。