概率抽样

Through compared with the difference of the sampling inspection's OC curves between existent and nonexistent inspection error by utilizing grouping method, we get the conclusion that all the traditional methods are designed on the premise that there is none inspection error exist, so it would terribly depress the probability of acceptance and couldn't veritably reflect the quality of the lot for inspection, if the inspection error is exist when sampling inspecting.

同时通过对集团检验错误存在与否的抽样检验特征曲线的比较，指出：以往的集团抽样检验方案设计，都是在假设无检验误差前提下设计的，在抽样检验中，若存在检验错误，会严重影响抽样检验的接收概率，使抽样检验结果不能客观地反映检验批的质量。

The basic properties of the importance measure of the basic variable effect on the failure probability are discussed in this paper. Since the saddlepoint based line sampling method is independent of the distribution types of the random variables, and has the advantages of high accuracy and efficiency, this method is employed to estimate the defined importance measure.

文中分析了所定义基本变量对失效概率影响重要性测度的基本性质，并基于鞍点线抽样在求解可靠度时不受随机变量分布形式的限制及其效率和精度较高的优点，提出了求解该重要性测度的鞍点线抽样方法。

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

Firstly, the random scene of fire was assumed. And then according to the probability distributions of the random parameters of fire in the building, a large number of samples were obtained using mixed congruence method and inverse function method of Monte-Carlo. Finally, the performance of the samples was simulated using Ozone, and the failure probability of the structure in fire was analyzed.

该模型首先确定火灾随机场景，根据建筑物内火灾随机参数的概率分布，利用蒙特卡洛的混合同余法和反函数法产生火灾随机场景的抽样样本，然后利用OZone软件进行火灾下抽样样本的性能模拟，通过大量样本的模拟实现了结构在火灾下的失效概率分析。

Probability sampling designs, estimation and efficiency comparisons.

概率抽样设计，估计和效率比较。

With probability sampling and home interview survey data of Shanghai and Chengdu, we use factor analysis to build the structure of romantic Index Scale.

以上海和成都概率抽样和入户面访的调查资料为依据，采用因子分析方法构建浪漫指数的结构量表。

Genetic algorithm optimization process can be seen as algorithms in the process of constant cycle of viable domain random, using the results of previous sampling probability distribution on the target point estimates, and then based on an estimate of the projected distribution of a sample point.

遗传算法优化的过程，可以看作算法在循环过程中不断对可行域进行随机抽样，利用前面抽样的结果对目标点的概率分布进行估计，然后根据估计出的分布推算下一次的抽样点。

Methods Probability proportional to size sampling method was used to select 6006 residents aged 45 years and elder from Shilin county. Information was obtained from a questionnaire survey and fasting blood sugar test. The data was analyzed with binary logistic regression.

在昆明市石林县采用按比例概率抽样方法，对6 006名45岁～农村居民进行问卷调查和空腹血糖检测，并应用二分类Logistic模型分析影响糖尿病患病的因素。

Then the corrected average hearing threshold of 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz and the average hearing threshold of 1 kHz,2 kHz,4 kHz were compared for analyzing the impact of their differences on hearing grades.

为了达成一致，我们在实际操作中对0.5k Hz听阈值进行了修正，对0.5kHz听阈值在计算平均听阈值时的影响进行了分析，结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1样本和对象以2001年《贵州省年鉴》人口统计数据为基准，按容量比例概率抽样法

Monte Carlo is a method that approximately solves mathematic or physical problems by statistical sampling theory. When comes to Bayesian classification, it firstly gets the conditional probability distribution of the unlabelled classes based on the known prior probability. Then, it uses some kind of sampler to get the stochastic data that satisfy the distribution as noted just before one by one. At last, it can obtain the posterior probability distibution of each unlabelled classes by analysing these stochastic data.

蒙特卡罗是一种采用统计抽样理论近似求解数学或物理问题的方法，它在用于解决贝叶斯分类时，首先根据已知的先验概率获得各个类标号未知类的条件概率分布，然后利用某种抽样器，分别得到满足这些条件分布的随机数据，最后统计这些随机数据，就可以得到各个类标号未知类的后验概率分布。

The big eared hedgehog, the little owl, the sand gecko, the three-toed jerboa, and every show needs a villain - saw-scale - the viper!

大耳刺猬，小猫头鹰，沙壁虎，三趾跳鼠，每场戏都需要反派角色：蝰蛇。

Plasmodiophora brassicae ; resting spores ; density gradient centrifugation of sucrose ; ultrasonic disruption

根肿；休眠孢子；蔗糖密度梯度离心；超声波破碎