标本植物

C. institutions displaying live specimens, such as botanical and zoological gardens, aquaria, vivaria, etc.

c 展出动物、植物活标本的机构，如植物园、动物园、水族馆和生态园等

Ii. institutions holding collections of and displaying live specimens and plants and animals, such as botanical and zoological gardens, aquaria and vivaria

ii 拥有并展出动物、植物活标本的机构，如植物园、动物园、水族馆和人工动植物生态园

Ii. institutions holding collections of and displaying live specimens of plants and animals, such as botanical and zoological gardens, aquaria and vivaria

ii 拥有并展出动物、植物活标本的机构，如植物园、动物园、水族馆和生态园

Based on the means of literature citation, systematical specimea examnation, extensive field survey, morphoanatomic experiment and the calculation of similarity-coefficient, the morphotype, classificatory revision and phytoflora of Elaeocarpaceae in Hunan Province were sdudied.

摘 要：本文旨在通过文献查阅、标本研究、野外观察、形态解剖实验、相似性系数计算等方法，以完成湖南杜英科的形态结构、分类修订、植物区系的研究。

Open field survey,data collection,taxonomic research and specimens identification were employed,to confirm species and geographic distribution of the medical plant of Labiatae and Gesneriaceae in Guizhou.

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证，基本搞清了贵州唇形科、苦苣苔科药用植物资源的种类与地理分布。

The Harvard University Herbaria is one of the largest comprehensive collections of dried plant and fungal specimens in the world.

美国哈佛大学标本馆是世界上最大、收藏高等植物和真菌标本最全的标本馆之一。

The journal dedicates to the studies of the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of botany. Research areas mainly include plant diversity conservation, molecular phylogenetics, population biology, morphology, biodiversity, herbaria and nomenclature etc.

该刊致力于植物学的分类学、系统发生和进化方面的研究，研究领域主要涉及植物多样性的保存、分子系统发生学、种群生物学、形态学、生物多样性、干燥标本集以及命名法等等。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

Methods The epithelial cells, which were taken from neonate Wistar rat, were cultured into tubiform epithelium together with the frame of shell polysaccharide matrix in vitro.

用Wistar大鼠乳鼠皮肤为细胞来源，结合管状壳多糖基质网架，在体外共同培养成复层皮肤结构，移植到裸鼠皮下。分别于移植的5、7、14、28、35 d收取标本，光镜下观察移植物生长情况。

Isometric tubular vacuolization was present early after transplantation was not progressive, and was associated with higher tacrolimus pre-dose trough levels.

无进展的等轴的小管空泡存在于移植后早期的移植物标本中，且和服药前高他克莫司血药浓度相关。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。