杂种的

The yield, quality, resistance and chromosome characteristics of the hybrids were analyzed, and the improvement of the grasses using gene introgression, androgenesis and genetic modification methods was introduced. The latest advance in GISH, genetic map construction and QTL of Festulolium hybrids were described here.

本文总结了黑麦草羊茅杂种高产、优质、抗性强的优势；分析了杂种染色体配型特点；重点介绍了通过基因渗入、雄核发育和转基因手段改良牧草的方法；对黑麦草羊茅杂种基因组原位杂交、分子标记和遗传图谱建立、数量性状位点分析等分子遗传学的最新研究进展进行了综述。

The distribution of hybrid chlorosis Ch1 gene and the T-type cytoplasm fertility restoring genes in Chinese endemic wheats were studied using the testors QA1104 (T-type cytoplasm sterile line, with hybrid chlorosis Ch2 gene) and Khapli emmer (with hybrid chlorosis Ch1 gene).

本研究以T型不育系QA1104（具有杂种黄化基因Ch2）和Khapli（具有杂种黄化基因Ch1）为测验种，对中国特有小麦等六倍体小麦类型和一些四倍体小麦类型中的T型胞质育性恢复基因和杂种黄化Ch1基因的分布进行了研究。

Four hundred and twenty three ( 262 for HB×T, 49 for S×T, 111for R×T and 1 for B×T) out of 990 individuals exhibiting the trifoliate phenotype oftrifoliate orange were considered to be hybrids by morphology identification and SSRverification; Six hundred and fourteen of 756 plantlets derived from other crosses wereverified to be hybrids by SSR analysis. Of them, 244 for HB×\'Nova\' tangelo, 179 forHB×\'Page\' tangelo, 172 for HB×\'Fairchild\' tangelo, 1 for \'Bendizao\'tangerine×\'Nova\'tangelo, 7 for \'Bendizao\'tangerine×\'Page\' tangelo, 3 for \'Bendizao\'tangerine×\'Murcott\'tangor and 8 for satsuma mandarin×\'Nova\' tangelo.

为区分杂种苗和珠心苗，用形态识别和SSR分析，鉴定了990株枳的杂交后代，得到了423株三叶杂种(HB柚×枳262株，温州蜜柑×枳49株，红橘×枳111株，华农本地早橘×枳1株)；SSR分析鉴定了其它杂交后代的756个单株，结果共获得了614株杂种，其中HB柚×诺瓦244株，HB柚×佩奇179株，HB柚×费尔切尔德172株，华农本地早橘×诺瓦1株，华农本地早橘×佩奇7株，华农本地早橘×默科特3株，温州蜜柑×诺瓦8株。

And it is especially applicable to quick measurement for great batch of samples.3 MT dynamics in blood , feces and urine,and MT accumulation in tissues and organs of DLY pigs and WD pigs were also conducted by a isotopic tracing method using MT labeled with ~(125)I ~(125)I-MT which was affused through mouth..It was shown that MT was absorbted perfectly with a tardigrade mode and remained about 31 hours in the digestive tract of both DLY pigs and WD pigs . MT excreted from feces and urine of DLY pigs accounted for 7.91 and 21.45 percent of total MT affused through mouth while MT excreted from feces and urine of WD pigs accounted for 10.09 and 11.85 percent of total MT affused through mouth, respectively.

灵敏度为4.1ng/ml，批内变异系数和批间变异系数分别为9.06%和12.35%，具有特异性强、灵敏度较高、稳定性和重复性好、适合于大批量样品检测等特点。3利用~(125)I标记MT~(125I-MT进行同位素示踪，研究了MT在杜长大杂交猪和杂种野猪体内吸收速率、代谢过程、排泄途径、在各组织器官中存留规律和代谢动力学，发现MT在杂交猪和杂种野猪体内能被完整地吸收，但吸收速度较慢；MT在消化道内存留时间为31h左右；MT在杜长大杂交猪粪中和尿中排出量分别占灌喂总量的7.91%和21.45%，杂种野猪相应值分别为10.09%和11.85%，二者尿中排出的MT量差异显著(P.01)。

All these QTLs affected the hybrid fertility in the same direction.For eachlocus,the genotype consisting of the'02428'and Balilla alleles exhibited higher fertilitythat the one of Nanjing 11 and Balilla alleles.

所有位点对杂种育性改变的方向是一致的，即广亲和品种'02428'的等位基因可使杂种育性提高，而籼稻品种'南京11'的等位基因则使杂种育性降低。

On the basis of DDRT-PCR technique we found that:Total of 331 differential displayed cDNA bands from 1161 were displayed in the 4x4 diallel cross combinations with 30 pairs of primers, which shows the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parental lines were very obvious in quantity and quality.

采用mRNA差异显示技术和荧光定量反转录PCR技术，从随机mRNA差异显示和候选功能基因mRNA表达定量分析两个方面，研究了32周龄杂种鸡及其亲本纯种的基因差异表达及其与繁殖性状杂种优势的关系，探讨了鸡繁殖性状杂种优势形成的因素及其分子遗传机理。

The higher percentage of cross-fertilized kernel specifically expressed pattern was observed in highly heterotic hybrid, after comparison of gene differential expression between cross-fertilized and self-fertilized kernels during the early development of seed in wheat and maize, respectively. This indicated that there may be have common molecular mechanism for heterosis in different crops.

本文对玉米和小麦在种子发育前期杂交和自交间基因差异表达进行了比较，发现杂交特异表达类型与杂种优势均存在一定的正向关系，说明不同作物杂种优势形成在分子水平上具有共同点，即相同表达模式的基因或基因群在不同作物杂种优势形成中发挥一致的作用。

The obvious heterosis was shown in eggplant(Solanum melongena L.). Production of hybrid seeds using male-sterility as female parent was a very important way in application of eggplant heterosis.

茄子有很强的杂种优势，利用雄性不育系做母本生产杂种一代是利用茄子杂种优势的重要途径之一。

Stuber et al.(1992) considered the overdominance is the major genetic basis of heterosis in maize; Xiao et al.(1995) suggested the dominance is the major molecular mechanism of heterosis in rice. Subsequently, Yu et al.(1997) and Hua et al.(2003) demonstrated the epistasis made the siginificant contribution to heterosis in rice.

Stuber等认为，超显性是玉米杂种优势形成的主要原因；Xiao等(1995)认为显性作用是水稻杂种优势形成的遗传基础，Yu等(1997)和Hua等(2003)认为上位性在杂种优势形成过程中起重要作用。

By removed ovary culture after positive and negative hybridization, produced interspecific hybridization, and have improved the hybrid seed through removed ovary culture and induced to shoot by culture medium MS, and produced hybrid F1, the plant of Brassica junce×B.pekinesis, the advantage characteristic of hybrid plant is similar to female nature;By cytology authenticating, chromosome number of F1 young flower bud cell (2n=28), it is the sum of monoploid chromosome number of female parent Brassica junce(2n=36) and male parent B.pekinesis(2n=20); The hybridization to Brassica junce×B.pekinesis, and embryonic bud come from removed ovary culture, and it found another form of plant embryo saving.

以芸薹属植物芥菜型油菜和白菜为研究对象，对其进行常规正反杂交后子房的离体培养，通过离体子房培养获得的杂种种子经MS培养基诱导成苗，获得了芥菜型油菜与白菜的杂种F1代植株，表现出杂种优势；通过细胞学的方法，鉴定了杂种F1幼蕾体的细胞染色体数为2n=28，为母本芥菜型油菜（2n=36）和父本白菜（2n=20）的单倍体染色体数之和；芥菜型油菜与白菜常规杂交后，经离体子房培养获得了&胚性芽&，确立了植物胚挽救的另一种形式。

I'm gonna go pack my regular, long bathing suit.

我要去打包我那不起眼的超长泳裤

Random number generators are used in many areas, with the improvement of the computational ability of the computer.

随着计算机计算能力的不断提高，随机数发生器在许多领域有了更加广泛的应用。