有效方向

The bimodality appeared at high frequency which depends on the method used may be a false phenomenon, and which appeared at low frequency of swell can be attributed to the too weak nonlinear interaction between waves to transfer energy among different directions effectively.

高频域出现的双峰方向分布不仅依赖于估计方法，而且受到使用不恰当频散关系的影响，因此它可能是一种物理假象，但涌浪低频域的双峰方向分布随非线性度的减小出现的比率增大，可以由非线性相互作用过弱，不同方向之间不能有效传递能量来解释。

The results indicate that: the cavity radius becomes stable at approximately 6000μs;the blasting pressure waves mainly are transmitted horizontally;the peak pressure has a negative logarithm relationship with distance perpendicular to the charging bisector;and the valid influence area r.

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元程序对条形装药黄土地基中爆炸过程进行了三维数值模拟，发现在6000μs爆炸空腔已基本稳定，条形装药爆炸产生的压力波以水平方向传播为主，装药中垂线方向爆炸产生的峰值压力与离中垂线距离呈负对数关系，土的有效影响范围半径大约为爆炸后形成的空腔半径的4倍。

Although the panel logit models verify the effects of the explanatory variables consistently with the theory, the prediction accuracy is not as good as that of neuro fuzzy. In addition to the better out-sample prediction accuracy, neuro fuzzy also provides a more detailed and complicated relationship among the variables through the rule base mid 3-dimension graphics, which could be used for further theory development or modification Overall, the banking crises ca be predictable; however, each country needs different forecasting model. The mapping between the forecasting model mid data set characteristics ca be further developed for the future research.

实证结果显示，虽然Panel Logit之固定效果与随机效果模型皆验证了过去理论上各变数对银行危机之影响方向，但整体而言，其预测准确度并不比类神经模糊好；而类神经模糊除了提供更准确的样本外预测之外，其所建构的规则库与3D图提供较以往更为细腻的变数关系，此关系可作为未来理论发展之基础；整体而言银行危机可以被有效的预测，然而单一国家的预测结果显示不同的国家适用不同的预测工具，没有一项工具能够适用於所有的国家；而资料集属性与预测工具之对应关系可作为未来之研究方向。

The external fixator was a good, economical, effective and simple method in the treatment of femoral neck fracture. The three pins used in fixation of femoral neck fracture are important. The placement of the pins should be in accordance with the compressive trabeculae and clingy to the femoral calcar.

3动力髋螺钉虽然在固定强度上优于其它各组，但却由于手术创伤大、对股骨头残存血供破坏较大等缺点而限制了其应用；自行设计的外固定支架为一种简单、有效、实用、经济的固定方法，有一定的推广价值；穿针方向应循压力骨小梁方向尽量贴近股骨距低角度倒三角形钻入才符合生物力学原理。

The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

So we suggest a new method for the measurement of d〓 according to the SHG conversion efficiency at some non-phase-matching direction, the optimum focus parameter ofNPM SHG was given also.

在KTP晶体球中第Ⅰ类PM SHG实验中，我们通过转动晶体球，直接根据谐波输出的强度得到了SHG的相位匹配方向，从而避免了折射率测量或色散方程计算的误差，并得到了精确的KTP晶体完整的第Ⅰ类PM曲线，以及相应PM方向的有效非线性系数d〓，根据这个测量结果，我们对文献报道的六组色散方程进行了比较，认为由Vanherzeele和Bierlein给出的色散方程拟合精度最高。

The projection gradient method will be a possible way to solve the problem that we just get. It has been shown that the projections of the every directions, of which is the boundary point in linear restraint problems, are the possible decent directions, and the projection of negative grads direction is a decent direction. In 1960, Rosen proposed the basic idea of projection gradient methods, and then lots of researchers have been tried to find the convergence of this method. But most of them get the convergence with the condition to amend the convergence itself.

在约束最优化问题的算法中怎样寻找有效的下降方向是构造算法的重要内容，在寻找下降方向方面可行方向法中的投影梯度法有效的解决了下降方向的寻找问题，利用线性约束问题边界点的任意方向在边界上的投影都是可行方向，而负梯度方向的投影就是一个下降方向。60年代初Rosen提出投影梯度法的基本思想，自从Rosen提出该方法以后，对它的收敛性问题不少人进行了研究，但一般都是对算法作出某些修正后才能证明其收敛的，直到最近对Rosen算法本身的收敛性的证明才予以解决。

It is easy to generate this new directional filterbanks by tensor product of analysis filterbanks of DFT modulated filterbanks, and easy to extend the number of directional subbands.

通过DFT调制滤波器组的分析滤波组的张量积构造出新的方向滤波器组，这种新构造的方向滤波器组构造简单，方向数目扩展容易，并且能够有效保留图像的低频信息。

This Thesis is presented as reference to an efficient hydrologic forecast.

因此在入流量预测上提出一有效方向。

The proposed robust road main direction detection method consists of initial main direction extraction based on the direction histogram of structure tensor and precise direction detection on vectorized edge image. Experiment results demonstrate its robustness and precise. The proposed Gibbs-sampling-based method models road network with marked point process and can effectively extract road network with initial configuration. However it is slow and still can not deal with single and isolated road segment. These problems can be solved by the real-time method. And experiments verify that the real-time method is fast during extracting road segment.

提出的稳健道路局部主方向提取算法以结构张量为基础，通过方向直方图确定大致主方向，并通过矢量化边缘进一步计算准确的方向角，实验结果表明具有良好的稳健性和准确性；提出的基于Gibbs采样的交互式道路网提取方法采用标记点过程对道路网进行建模，在给出初始构造项的情况下，能有效的提取出指定道路网；提出的实时交互式道路段提取算法弥补了上一方法无法处理单一直线道路段和计算过程慢的不足，是上一方法的有益补充，实验结果表明算法能快速提取道路段。

This is not an ordinary box, which is used as a background picture of the dialog box, very pretty.

详细说明：这可不是一个一般的对话框，它是用图片作为背景的对话框，非常好看。

Conceal me what I am,and be my aid for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent.

遮掩我的身份，帮助我，我的面具将成为我的目的。