晶体

Crystal is the fruits of victory, a different experimenter get fruit is not the same: Some people have a beautiful blue vitriol crystals, a person granted a dazzling crystal, more people are harvested white crystals, such as ordinary salt crystal, alum crystals and so on.

晶体是胜利的果实，不同的实验者得到的果实是不一样的：有人得到美丽的蓝色胆矾晶体，有人获得耀眼夺目的水晶，更多的人收获的是普通的白色晶体如食盐晶体、明矾晶体等等。

Using finite difference time domain method, the electromagnetic field distribution of THz wave is simulated in a THz 2D PC splitter and by plane wave expansion method the dispersion relation and defect modes are achieved in a THz rotated PC waveguide.5. A woodpile three-dimensional (3D) PC with face-centered-tetragonal symmetry is one of the most popular 3D PCs because of its favorable band gap characteristics. Based on the woodpile fct lattice structure, we propose a novel woodpile THz lattice structure with comparatively decreased symmetry, better band gap properties and easy fabrication by varying some structure parameters.

计算结果为利用非线性光学差频方法产生THz辐射源的实验研究提供了深入和全面的理论基础；四、利用平面波展开法，通过改变二维THz光子晶体的结构参数，对二维THz光子晶体完全带隙进行了优化，分析出两种适合工作在THz波段的二维光子晶体结构；采用时域有限差分法和平面波展开法，计算出THz波在二维光子晶体"T"型分束波导，45度旋转波导中传输的电磁场分布以及缺陷模；五、Woodpile面心立方四角结构是三维光子晶体中被研究最广泛的结构之一。

We found that during the growth process the double steps first grow separately and the connected by short bridge before tangential growth. After eighth or ninth layer the spiral steps would merge into intact elliptic layers. At the merging point right-handed spiral sources might appear but the left ones always overgrow it which made the whole growth topography looked like left-handed apparently. It indicated that the EAFP molecules has strong ability to adjust itself to adapt the environment. 5. Through various analysis of interactions in the EAFP crystals it indicated that there were 218 residue interactions between 12 symmetry-related EAFP molecules around one EAFP molecule, 18 strong ones and 72 weak ones .

EAFP在低过饱和度下的螺旋生长过程中会出现台阶的合并，从而表现出单-双的螺旋台阶，在小范围扫描中捕获到了这种现象，使得对螺旋生长台阶的合并过程有了更加深入的认识；并且台阶的生长受到沿晶体学b轴方向上的21螺旋对称的控制；当台阶生长至第八到第九层时，螺旋台阶会自动地形成完整的生长层，这充分说明了EAFP分子或分子簇具有良好的自身调节能力，这样在晶体生长过程中，晶体的缺陷减少，晶体质量提高，这也可说明EAFP晶体的x射线衍射能力很强的原因。

SEM and TEM images showed that hexagon-shaped crystals formed within garlic roots; Cone and caky crystal formed on outer surface of root; flower-like crystal formed on outer stem surface of garlic sprouts, and polyhedron crystal presented in inner of garlic sprouts.

电镜测试表明，在蒜芽根须内部生成了六边形状的晶体，外部形成了锥体状和圆饼状的晶体；而在蒜芽的芽部外表面形成的晶体则呈花瓣状，内部形成的晶体呈多面体状；在蒜芽的反应溶液中主要生成了树枝状的晶体。

From Maxwell's equations, with material constitutive relation of optically active crystal and boundary conditions of electric field on the boundary between isotropic media and crystal, through coordinate transformation, the formula of the direction of refracted wave for arbitrary direction incident monochromic plane wave was derived. Furthermore, based on the unit vector of direction of refracted wave, eigen waves of electric field, electric displacement vectors and direction of energy flow can be easily obtained.

从麦克斯韦方程组出发，结合旋光晶体的物质方程以及单色平面波从各向同性介质入射到晶体界面时电场的连续性边界条件，通过晶体主轴坐标系和界面坐标系的坐标变换，推导了任意入射方向的单色平面波在晶体界面上的折射方向的求解公式，进而利用所得的折射方向求解晶体中折射波的电场本征模、电位移矢量本征模和光线方向。

The optical characterization methods were used in the study of the defects of transparent crystal in visible light and the near UV absorption topography method is used in the study of the defects and relationship between defect and growth facet s because scintillant BGO crystals, when suffered radiation damage,have a high absorption coefficient for light of short wavelength.

除使用通常研究透明晶体的光学方法外，由于BGO晶体在受到光辐照损伤时时短波长光具有高的吸收系数，因此还采用近紫外光吸收形貌法研究晶体缺陷，以及缺陷与晶体小面之间的关系，并根据BGO晶体的结晶习性和小面形成机理提出了减少和消除晶体小面生长及缺陷的方法。

It has been proved that light scatter in KDP crystal aggravated when pyrophosphate was doped into the growth solution,which distributed ununiformly in prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal.

掺杂焦磷酸的情况下降温生长了 KDP晶体，采用激光层析法对晶体的光散射现象进行了观察，掺杂后晶体的光散射现象明显加剧，晶体的锥面、柱面和椎柱交界面处的散射点密度并不相同，其原因在于焦磷酸对KDP晶体的锥面和锥面的影响不同。

The affects of crystal absorption for heat radiation on crystal growth,which include:the heat loss of the hot grower,the chara cteristic of temperature time of crystal growth,the pattern of fluid flow and the shape of interface,the interface inversion of crystal,the temperature distribution and the thermal stress distribution,are reviewed in this paper.

本文综述了晶体对熔体热辐射吸收对晶体生长的影响，包括对热腔热耗散的影响；对晶体生长温度时间特性的影响；对液流形态和固液界面形状的影响；对晶体界面反转的影响；对晶体中温度分布和应力分布的影响。

In recent years, crystallographers have developed a series of method to improve the quality of protein crystals, such as crystal growth in metastable zone, influencing the kinetics process of protein crystal in special environment, obtaining high quality crystals by adding detergent and reductive methylation of proteins.

近年来人们从影响蛋白质结晶过程的各个因素出发，发展了一系列提高蛋白质晶体质量的方法，如在亚稳区生长蛋白质晶体、利用特殊环境影响蛋白质晶体生长的动力学过程、利用去垢剂提高蛋白质晶体质量和分子工程改造蛋白质分子提高晶体质量等。

Species and size also have effects on the utilization of CAA by fish.

晶体氨基酸的溶失，晶体氨基酸与饲料中蛋白态氨基酸的吸收不同步主要影响了鱼类对晶体氨基酸的利用；饲料pH、饲料离子平衡、水温和氨基酸构型也会对晶体氨基酸的利用产生一定的影响；不同种类和大小的鱼类对晶体氨基酸的利用也有很大的差异。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。