描写语言学

Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.

语音与语言研究中心主要致力于语言学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括理性知识描写，单一与多元语义学，语言体系的神经分化，正规体系中的概念结构，句子意思的理解，概念结构，单词识别等。

In these portion,the article begins the study of tone sandhi from the point view of two-character phrases and three-character phrases,which is also the focus and difficult point as well.On the basis of substantial materials of Dingzhou dialect,the author elaborates its rules and principles of tone sandhi of the general phrases and those with light tones,and reiterative location.the author puts his views as follows: 1.The rules of tone sandhi of two- character phrase are simple and unitive. 2.The complex of the phrase with light tones lies in the combination of the first tone and light tone.In the case,there are two different pronunciations in Dingzhou dialect.The author guesses it is the coexist of ancient pronunciations and common spoken Chinese. 3.The tone sandhi of general three-character phrases on the basis of the rules of that of two- character phrases,using the grammar structure of the three-character phrases as the restricted conduction,which function jointly. 4.The rules of tone sandhi of three- character phrases with light tones are restricted only by that of the two- character phrases with light tones and thus are foreign to grammar structure. 5.The tone sandhi of the words with reiterative location has their own system.

这两章中，作者采用直接调查法，社会语言学方法分别从一般字组、含轻声字组和叠音词字组三个方面对定州方言连读变调进行详尽地描写，文章中既有对连读变调的共时性描写，也有对连读变调历时性推测，总的来讲笔者认为定州方言变调具有一定的系统性，主要表现在以下几个方面：两字组连读变调规律简单统一，含轻声字两字组内部规律较为复杂，但是具有很强的一致性；定州方言含轻声两字组变调的复杂性主要表现在阴平+轻声的组合中，在这种情况下，定州方言有两种读音方式，推测它是语音存古现象和普通话语音并存的结果；一般三字组连读变调以两字组连读变调规律为基础，以三字组的语法结构为制约条件，二者共同发生作用；轻声三字组变调规律只受轻声两字组变调规律的制约，与语法结构无关；叠音词的变调规律自成系统。

With the help of the traditional comparative approach and based on the research done by older generation, the author proceeds from the fundamental viewpoints of cognitive linguistics and from both the positive depiction argument exploration, specifically discussing the feature of "Provided p, q" being distinguished from "If p, q": Clause p in "Provided p, q"only indicates the minimum condition resulting in q while Clause p "If p, q" is not necessarily the minimum condition to the result q.

本文从认知语言学的基本观点出发，借助传统的比较方法，在前辈研究的基础上，从实证描写和理据探究两个方面，着重论述"只要p ，就q"区别于"如果p ，就q"的一个特征："只要p ，就q"所引导的分句p一般只用来表示导致结果q的最低条件，而"如果p ，就q"所引导的分句p对于结果q来说则并不一定是最低条件。

The dissertation is an overall study about Lishan"s Annotation from literary angle by analysing concrete matters. The modern linguistics theory is used in the course of researching. The study method is that synchronic analysis and diachronic study are combined. It"s expected that the thesis would make a contribution to the study of Lishan"s egegesis ,or even that of Tang dynasty"s exegetics.

本文从文学作品导读的角度，并运用现代语言学理论，共时描写和历时考察相结合，在微观分析的基础上，全面、宏观地研究《文选》李注的训诂问题，以期对李善训诂乃至唐代训诂的研究提供一定的参考。

His methodology in structural linguistics emphasizes on the objective description of reality, focusing on the acquisition process on the basis of the "stimulus-reaction" model. He advocated that the researchers should use the method of classification to study the language and do their best to avoid the study of meaning.

他的结构主义语言学研究方法注重在研究中进行客观事实的描写，强调语言"刺激－反应"的习得过程，主张用分类描写的方法来处理研究语言，而尽量避免意义的研究。

The main contents involve:(1)Character 着 ZHE;(2)The exceeding combination of verb reduplication;(3)The reduplicated adjectives and some special combination;(4) The reduplication of non-adjectives;(5) The reduplicated quantifiers;(6) The suffix 儿 ER;(7) The interrogative sentence 格 GE VP;(8)The special usage of V 得 DE and its sentence pattern.

本文主要运用描写语言学的方法，研究以下昆明方言虚词和某些句法现象：第一、&着&字，第二、动词重叠超常句法组配，第三、形容词重叠，第四、非形容词重叠式词及其特殊组配，第五、量词的特殊组配，第六、儿化，第七、&格VP&句，第八、特殊&V得&及其句型等其他问题。

He teaches descriptive linguistics at a university.

他在大学教描写语言学。

Between the appearance of these two editions a whole new science related to the making of dictionaries, the science of descriptive linguistics, has come into being.

就在第二版问世后至第三版问世前这段时间里，一门与词典编纂相关的全新学科——描写语言学诞生了。

Compeletly comprehensive auxiliary verbs of the Chagatai language needs to the theoryknowledge of descriptive linguistics.

要全面阐述察合台维语助动词要需要描写语言学的理论知识。

American descriptive linguistics ; grammar study of Chinese language ; substitution of identical form ; functional standard ; class of shape ; syntactical structure ; immediate constituents ; sentence as unit of analysis ; phrase as unit of analysis

本文集中从四个方面探讨描写语言学对汉语语法学的影响：语素分析法及词类归并原则的运用；突出短语结构在句法学中的地位，从形式入手分析句法结构、划定句子成分；直接成分分析法的运用；对汉语语法体系嬗变的影响。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。