损失

The generator loss is composed of iron loss, bearing friction loss, bushing friction loss and windage loss.

发电机损失由铁损，轴承摩擦损失，套管摩擦损失和风阻损失组成。

Chapter two reviews the literature in this field. Chapter three and four point out the problems existing in our country's loan-loss provision accounting policy and practice. Chapter five to chapter eight systematically review the experiences of amphibolous, debate, conflict and harmonize process of ALLL standards in America since 1975, as well as the latest dynamics on the measurement model of loan asset. The problems, experience and lessons of the whole process are analyzed from the professional perspectives of accounting recognition, measurement and disclosure. Chapter nine gives some suggestions to our country's loan-loss provision accounting policy based on the American experience. Chapter ten concludes.

第二章对国内外有关贷款损失准备金问题的实证及规范研究进行了回顾；第三章和第四章分析归纳出我国在贷款损失准备金会计政策及计提实务中存在的若干问题；在第五至第八章从确认、计量和披露等角度系统回顾了美国1975年以来在贷款损失准备金会计政策问题上所经历的模糊、分歧、冲突与协调历程及其对银行稳健和信息透明的影响，并对其在贷款资产价值计量问题的上最新发展动态进行追索和讨论；第九章在借鉴美国经验的基础上，针对我国贷款损失准备金会计政策与实务中所存在的问题，提出若干政策建议；第十章给出本文结论。

The energy loss through feces was 0.077C (C: food consumption, KJ/d) and the energy loss through excretion was 0.052C at maximum feeding rate. In that the ratios of F and U to C were low in fish energy budget equation (Cui et al., 1997), the energy loss through feces at optimum feeding rate could be estimated by 0.077C〓(C〓: the optimum feeding rate) and the energy loss through excretion at optimum feeding rate could be estimated by 0.052C〓. The relationship between total energy content for immature gibel carp and body weight was lnE=1. 476+1. 127lnW.

最大摄食率条件下，异育银鲫排粪能损失：F=0.077C，排泄能损失：U=0.052C；由于排粪能及排泄能在能量收支方程中所占比例不大（崔奕波等，1997），最适摄食率条件下的排粪能损失可估计为F〓=0.077C〓（C〓：最适摄食能，KJ/d），排泄能损失可估计为U〓=0.052C〓；性未成熟异育银鲫的能量含量与体重的关系为：lnE=1.476+1.127lnW

Considered the different losses from the fail report and misdecaration, the method of debris flow forecast under different losses is set up. This method makes the general average loss of the losses for fail report and misdeclaration to be minimum, and make up for the lower degree of accuracy of debris flow forecast in a certain extent.

本文考虑了泥石流漏报和误报两种错报情况下的不同损失，重点研究不同损失条件下的泥石流预报方法，建立了不同损失条件下的泥石流预报模型，使泥石流预报中错报造成的总平均损失达到最小，在一定程度上弥补了目前泥石流预报准确度较低的不足。

RESULTS Degra-dation of PCL was the slowest one.Mass-loss was not obvi-ous:molecular mass of pancreatic suspension lost by19.8%and no outstanding physical change was observed.PCL2/1loses mass by0.5%in24wk,and molecular mass loses by61.7%with etches on cuttings sections.PCLA1/2loses mass by40.4in24wk,molecular mass loses by6.6%,and cracks and holes were observed as the main physical charac-ter.PLA lost mass by79.2%in24wk,molecular mass lost by15.1%and this material was totally degraded.

结果 PCL在24wk内各种性质变化最慢：质量损失不明显，分子质量在胰腺悬液中下降19.8%，形态无明显变化；PCLA2/1在24wk时质量损失0.5%，分子质量下降61.7%，材料断面出现蚀刻形态；PCLA1/2在24wk质量损失40.4%，分子质量下降6.6%，形态出现空洞、碎裂；PLA在24wk质量损失79.2%，分子质量下降15.1%，形态完全降解。

Be incurred, sustained or paid by you and we further authorize you, your branches and correspondents to give the drawees and or paying or reimbursing banks such indemnities for all losses and consequences arising from such discrepancies as they may require in order to obtain acceptanceand/or payment or reimbursement for such documents or documents and drafts and the undersigned agree jointly and separately to indemnify you on demand for all liabilities, losses, costs and expenses that may be incurred, sustained, or paid by you, your branches and correspondents arsing

贵行一切因此而发生、所遭受或所支付之损失、费用及开支，又本公司兹授权贵行及分支机构及往来银行如为获得此等单据，或单据及汇票之承兑及支付或给付，而因由於此等瑕疵情况发生之一切损失及后果时，得向付款人或付款银行赔偿此等之损失，又对於贵行及分支机构及往来银行为此等赔偿情事而发生或遭受之一切负担、损失、费用及开支，本公司同意於接到

Weigh's addition minishes the loss of net's volume in pure current, but makes no differnce in the pure wave condition. After installed of sinking ring or lower ring, the loss of net's volume is decreased. The loss of net volume is more in the current combined with wave condition than in the pure current condition.

在纯流条件下，增大配重均有利于减小网箱的体积损失；而在纯波条件下，配重的增加对于改善网衣的变形没有实质性的意义；设置了底圈或沉降圈后，均能在一定程度上减小网衣的体积损失；波流组合条件下网衣的体积损失要明显大于纯流条件下的体积损失。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

The issue analyses and calculates the linear pressure loss and local pressure loss in spot example in the process as well as gets a conclusion.When several compressors in serial connection provide compressed air,the more the compressors be connected,the more the pressure loss to be happened,and gives a few of methods to reduce the pressure loss.

以实例详细计算了压缩空气在输送过程中的沿程压力损失和局部压力损失，并得出了结论：当多台空压机串联供气时，串联供气的空压机的台数越多，其串联在后面的空压机输出的局部压力损失就越大，并给出了克服压力损失的几种方法。

In order to make the right evaluation of the state which is the consumption consume of the steam line system, we make an test of the heat loss of the steam line network. And we also probe into the heat loss of the steam line system and the factors. In order to solve the heat inefficency of the steam line system, we look into the present situation of the steam line network and the state of heat preservation. Then we found the open questions and the weak points of heat preservation. We make the evaluation and affirm the reason of the heat inefficency of the system. We adopted the combination of bench test and engineering optimization, then we screened out high-quality adiabator, and designed the best heating composition. We designed and developed the software"The analysis and optimization of energy of the steam line system in thermal production" It can offer convenience to the computational analysis of heat loss of the steam line system. It can also be used for design calculation and experimental verification of steam pipeline feasible radial-radius, so it can offer technical support for the reduce of heat loss of the system, the raise of well head steam quality and the raise of heat efficicency of the steam injection system.

为了对输汽系统的用能状况作出正确的分析评价，对输汽管线热损失进行了测试计算，对输汽系统热量损失及影响因素进行了探讨；为了解决输汽系统热效率低的问题，从输汽管网现状及管道保温状况调查入手，掌握存在的问题和保温薄弱环节，做出分析评价，确认导致系统热效率低的原因，采用室内试验与工程优化相结合的办法，筛选出优质保温材料，设计最优保温结构，同时设计开发了&热采输汽系统能量分析及优化软件&，为输汽系统热量损失计算分析和保温结构优化提供了方便，还对输汽管线合理辐射半径进行了设计计算及实验验证，从而为降低系统的热能损失，提高井口蒸汽干度，提高注汽系统的热效率提供了技术支持。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。