指示植物

Bryophyte is widely accepted as one of the most susceptible indicators for monitoring air pollution due to its characteristics of sensitivity,accuracy,and directness.In recent years,it is widely applied to the research of heavy metal monitoring.

：苔藓植物是公认的最为敏感的大气污染指示植物之一，它具有灵敏、精确和直接等特点，现已被广泛应用于生物监测环境重金属污染研究领域。

The toxic compound was traced by lettuce germination test guided fractionation and HPLC purification, and was identified as 3β-formyl usolic acid on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR experiments. It is the first time to find this compound from the order of Myrtaceae

用高效液相色谱对桉树凋落叶中毒性物质进行分离、纯化，以小麦、绿豆、大速生菜为指示植物，对分离到的物质进行毒性跟踪，分离到一个毒性较强的组分，经1H氢谱和NMR鉴定为3–β甲酰基–乌索酸。

In moderately degraded meadow, Heteropappus altaicus, Kobresia humilis, Gentianella azurea and Ranunculus japonicus are major indicative species.

中度退化高寒草甸的指示植物有阿尔泰狗哇花、矮嵩草、黑边假龙胆和毛茛等。

Biology technique is based on appearance symptom on sweet potato or Ipomoea Setosa after they are infected to identify virus. But it need long period and is apt to be limited by season. Based on coat protein of virus, serology detects virus during peculiar immunolog...

生物学方法是依据病毒侵染后在甘薯或指示植物上的外观症状进行识别，但检测速度慢，易受季节限制；血清学技术是利用病毒外壳蛋白的抗原性，据特异性的抗体抗原免疫学反应检测病毒存在，但制备抗血清需时间长，对含量少和无蛋白外壳的病毒无法检测；分子生物学方法是以核酸为基础，通过检测病毒核酸来证实病毒的存在，该技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、适应范围广等特点。

Biology technique is based on appearance symptom on sweet potato or Ipomoea Setosa after they are infected to identify virus. But it need long period and is apt to be limited by season. Based on coat protein of virus, serology detects virus during peculiar immunology reaction of antibody and antigen. But it can't detect virus without CP and preparing antibody need more time. The molecular biology method is based on nucleic acid to detect virus. This technique has high sensitivity, strong veracity, wide suitability etc.

生物学方法是依据病毒侵染后在甘薯或指示植物上的外观症状进行识别，但检测速度慢，易受季节限制；血清学技术是利用病毒外壳蛋白的抗原性，据特异性的抗体抗原免疫学反应检测病毒存在，但制备抗血清需时间长，对含量少和无蛋白外壳的病毒无法检测；分子生物学方法是以核酸为基础，通过检测病毒核酸来证实病毒的存在，该技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、适应范围广等特点。

The experiments in the fields suggested that both glyphosate and paraquat could prevent the growth of Pteridophyta, Dryopteris erythrosora 0. Ktze. and Osmunda claytoniana L., effectively.

以红盖鳞毛蕨和绒紫萁为指示植物进行田间试验，结果表明百草枯和草甘膦对这些蕨类植物都可以起到很好的防除作用，但反应时间和表现症状有差异。

The metabolites produced by NJ-08 strain made the leaves of Eleusine indica yellow and wilting, and showed good herbicidal activity against the indicator plant and weeds such as Stylosanthes guianensis, Urena lobata, Crotalaria mucronata and Capsicum frutescens with the inhibition rate to radicel and embryo of above 90%.

NJ-08菌株产生的代谢产物作用于牛筋草，可使叶片黄化或枯死，代谢产物对指示植物及杂草如柱花草、地桃花、猪屎豆和辣椒的胚根胚芽生长都有明显的抑制作用，抑制率均超过了90%，显示出很好的除草活性。

Such a regularity indicates that nitrogen isotope abundance could serve as a sensitive indicator in evaluating the plant decomposition degree and the total nitrogen level and potential in soil.

氮的同位素自然丰度组成对于植物分解程度的灵敏响应，使其可以作为一种指示植物-土壤体系中氮素转化程度与趋势以及评估土壤中氮的有效性的指标，应用于自然生态研究。

An indicator plant positive to degeneration was confirmed.

本研究在筛选出植被和土壤方面的敏感指标后，对松嫩平原不同退化程度的草地进行评价，确定与退化程度呈正相关的指示植物，研究该指示植物对盐碱环境的响应。

In different degree of saline and alkali conditions controlled in lab or under field, contents as followed were determined: the absorption, transportation and distribution of major cations Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+and Mg~(2+) in indicator plant; organic solute, and antioxidase activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase POD characteristics of individual, population and community of the plant. Responses of the indicator plant to environment from physiological to community aspects were systemically discussed in this document.(1 Vegetional characteristics and edaphic indicators including bare patch index, dry biomass, percent cover by perennial plants, growth indicators of Leymus chinensis, soil organic matter and pH were sensitive to saline-alkali grassland degeneration.

运用室内控制和野外试验相结合的方法，调查和测定在不同土壤盐碱条件、不同季节里，主要元素Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)在植物体内吸收、运输和分布的变化状况；研究不同土壤离子浓度下，指示植物体内渗透调节物质——脯氨酸和糖类、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性等指标的变化响应情况；研究不同盐碱梯度下，植物个体、种群、群落的特征；系统的从生理生态角度探讨指示植物对盐碱环境的响应：(1)植被特征指标：裸地指数、生物量、多年生植物覆盖率；羊草生长状况指标：土壤有机质含量、pH可作为松嫩平原退化评价的指标。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。