批评的

In 20~ century, because of the actualization of socialism, the main critical object turned into socialism.

到了20世纪，由于社会主义成为现实，批评的主要对象由自由主义转变为社会主义。

I do not know, the "Miss" to anti-AIDS What can criticism.

我就不知道，教"小姐"们防艾滋病有什么可以批评的。

Chapter I is a brief introduction to William Faulkner and the theory of archetypal criticism.

第一部分对原型批评的理论加以简要介绍。

From the point of view of the history and culture, with the Foucault's analysis of power relations and Lacan's psychoanalysis as the theory basis, this study begins with Faulkner's representation of female characters in the novel The Sound and the Fury (in this masterpiece, Faulkner concentrates on the expression of the repression on the female from the myth of the ladyhood and the serious result of it.) under scrutiny to decipher how the Southern women have been subjected to contending historical, social, and cultural forces to maintain the man-dominated society as the tool to serve the South and meet its political needs.

本文拟从历史与文化批评的角度出发，运用福柯的权利与话语理论、拉康的后结构主义精神分析等批评方法，通过重点分析福克纳的代表作《喧哗与骚动》(在这部杰作中，福克纳比较集中地描写了南方淑女神话对女性的压抑及由此造成的严重后果)中的南方女性形象，旨在揭示所谓南方淑女神话，只不过是服务于南方的活道具，是南方同北方进行政治斗争的产物，而南方的男权社会则借此"良机"，运用传统、宗教、道德、舆论等手段，压抑南方女性的声音，抹杀女性的主体身份，从而达到巩固男性主导社会性别秩序的目的。

The seeds of development of Husserl''s philosophy from the Philosophie der Arithmetik to the Prolegomena [i.e., the first volume of the Logische Untersuchungen, 1900] were immanent to his own thinking, so that the hypothesis of a traumatic effect of Frege''s 1894 review of his book and a consequent reversal of his mode of thinking is not only uncalled for but also unsubstantiated by the available evidence.

谢谢来信谈了胡塞尔反心理主义的特点。你说，他的转向是因为受了弗雷格的批评。不过，我看到份资料说，胡塞尔的现象学是逐渐发展起来的，不过相对来说有过几次转折和几次停顿。有两个例子足以说明：在出版了《算术哲学》一书之后，他随即同他所建立的心理学理论保持距离。评论家们以为这是接受弗雷格批评的一个突如其来的转折。然而默汉蒂（ Mohanty ，1982）研究了他们两人的通信以后得出了完全相反的结论：胡塞尔哲学发展的种子，从《算术哲学》到《绪论》（《逻辑研究》的第一册，1900年），都是胡塞尔自己思想内在的东西。因此弗雷格1894年对他的《算术哲学》一书评论造成的创伤性的影响，并且随之造成他思想状态的转向——这个假设不仅纯属多此一举，而且并没有足够证据的支持。

Analytic, interpretative, or critical literary composition, usually dealing with its subject from a limited and often personal point of view. The essay has been the vehicle of literary and social criticism for some, while for others it could serve semipolitical, nationalistic, or polemical purposes and could have a detached, playful, earnest, or bitter tone.

散文 解析，说明或批评式的文学作品，通常从一个有限的和个人的角度出发对主题进行处理，对某些人来说，散文是文学和社会批评的工具，对其他人来说，散文带有部分政治的、民族主义的或是辩论的目的，语调可超然，可嬉笑，可真挚，亦可苦闷。

Briefly,on the one hand,the development of the early Minimalism is in line with Greenberg\'s principle of "simplified form";on the other hand,after Stella\'s"What you see is what you see",Judd\'s "Special Object" and the creative idea of "theater" advocated by Tony Smith and Robert Morris, the Minimalism begins to depart from the mainstream of Modernism to the anti-Modernism ultimately.In 1967,Greenberg\'s "Recentness of Sculpture"and Michael Fried\'s "Art and Objecthood" mark the watershed of the Formalist criticism which came to decline then.

简要地说，一方面，早期极少主义的发展是符合格林伯格主张的&形式简化&原则的；但另一方面，当斯特拉提出&你看见的是什么就是什么&，贾德主张&特殊客体&，以及托尼·史密斯、罗伯特·莫里斯宣扬&剧场&化的创作主张后，极少主义开始脱离现代主义的发展轨迹，最终走向了反现代主义的道路。1967年，格林伯格的《雕塑的近况》与迈克·弗雷德的《艺术与客体性》成为了形式主义批评的分水岭，此后，形式主义批评走向衰落。

Much as Gao's analysis is used to critique the problems arising from the West's selection of contemporary Chinese art, the application of this realist reflectionist approach on contemporary art is also remarkably popular among critics in China today.

高名潞的这段论述虽然是用来批评西方在选择中国艺术时出现的问题，但用这种现实主义反映论来论证当代艺术的方法在中国当下的评论界也随处可见，他们把前卫艺术的介入社会，理解成反映社会，然后把反映社会现实的作品当作当代艺术，所谓的现在是数码时代，艺术要反映数码，现在是卡通时代，艺术要反映卡通，还有就是高名潞所批评的，只要在艺术中反映了一点中国的变化就是当代艺术，而其实它只是现实主义反映论的一种表现，鲁虹等人的文章都属于这一类，我称为&改革开放现实主义艺术&模式，我们看到今天的中国艺术和评论都是在这种模式中制造当代艺术的假象。

In this disquisition, the ideology is a kind of social, historical and cultural entity of field, sometimes absents itself, and it sometimes presents a kind of great and intangible conditionality of power and controlling force; The "scientific" usually show a kind of scientific spirit and method of looking for rigorism and credibility of literary research and criticism which aims at forming systemic theory in favor of spreading knowledge of literary research and criticism.

其中&意识形态性&是一种社会历史性文化的场域性存在，是缺场的在场，往往呈现出一种大化无形的权力制约和控制力量。&科学性&则一般表现为力图寻找文学研究和批评的严格性和确定性的科学精神与科学方法，它旨在努力形成文学研究和批评的有利于学科传承的系统理论。

By the way, what a commentary 注释批评 on journalism 新闻业 that the most scurrilous 恶意诽谤的 sheet in New York should have given the fullest and frankest treatment to the subject; a paper written by the dregs 渣滓糟粕 of Park Row for the reading of race-track 赛马场/跑道 touts 侦查者兜售者 and ignorant servant girls!

对了，对新闻业的批评——最恶意诽谤的报纸已经给出最充分和最坦白的版面处理这个主题；报纸街的渣滓写出文章给赛马场的赛马场兜售者和无知的女仆阅读！

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。