情绪

Positive self conscious emotion cognition develops fast from grade 2 to grade 4. Passive self conscious emotion cognition develops slower than the positive one.5 Primary school children"s knowledge about the reason of emotion and knowledge about behaviors of emotion develop fast with the age increased at primary school period.6 Pupils" emotion cognition to the emotion expresser is better than that to the emotion recipient apparently.

积极自我意识情绪认知在2～4年级间有明显发展，发生了"能与不能"质的转变；消极自我意识情绪的认知发展慢于积极自我意识情绪的认知。5 对情绪原因和情绪行为的认知在年级间差异显著，说明其在小学阶段有明显发展。6 对情绪表现者的情绪认知明显好于对情绪接受者的情绪认知。

Fourthly, Job satisfaction has significant effect on three factors of Subjective well-being, and it acts as the mediator between Display positive emotion and Positive affection.

第二，情绪劳动与主观幸福感之间存在显著正相关；表达正向情绪和处理他人负性情绪分别对生活满意度有显著的作用；克制负性情绪和表达正向情绪分别对正向情感有显著的作用，而处理他人负性情绪对正向情感有显著的作用。

The results showed that preschooler's Theory of Mind and emotion understanding increased with the age.

研究结果表明：(1)幼儿的心理理论和情绪理解在3～5岁期间发生了巨大的变化，在5岁的时候大多数的幼儿已经基本上具备了心理理论和情绪理解的能力，4岁是幼儿心理理论和情绪理解能力发展的关键年龄；(2)幼儿的心理理论和情绪理解的相关显著，即使在控制了语言和年龄的影响后，心理理论能力仍然和情绪理解能力在总体上相关显著；(3)在排除了语言和年龄的影响后，对他人错误信念的理解能力和情绪观点采择能力的相关也仍然显著。

The purpose of this research is to examine the relation between ruminative thought and mood fluctuation. Similar to the Nolen-Hoeksema's progressive paradigm, we divided the experimental period into three parts, including average days, severely and long-term negative mood days, and negative mood episode. Combined with the Fritz's viewpoint of multidimensional rumination ─ instrumental rumination, emotional-focused rumination, and meaning-searching rumination, this research attempted to clarify the role of rumination in the process of emotional recovery.

本篇研究旨在探讨心理反刍思考对个体情绪变化的影响，在类同於Nolen-Hoeksema的前瞻式连续测量架构下划分不同情绪困扰的时段（整体分析、严重又长期情绪不佳的日子、负向情绪发作期），并以Fritz之多向度反刍观点：功用性反刍、情绪焦点反刍以及意义寻找反刍为切入点，试图厘清反刍在情绪复原中所扮演的角色利弊。

Generally, instrumental rumination helped to reduce negative mood, emotional-focused rumination worsened negative mood, and meaning-searching rumination increased the duration of negative mood. Moreover, in the period of severely and long-term negative mood status, instrumental rumination seemed to maintain the duration of positive mood, emotional-focused rumination still worsened negative mood, and meaning-searching rumination seemed to prolong the duration of negative mood. Besides, in the period of negative mood episode, instrumental ruminative had no effect on mood fluctuation, emotional-focused rumination deteriorated and extended negative mood, and meaning-searching rumination had harmful effect on the negative mood but still had borderline effect on the positive mood.

整体平均来说，功用性反刍有助於负向情绪的缓解、情绪焦点反刍会增强负向情绪感受、意义寻找反刍则是增加负向情绪维持的时间；若当天处在长期又严重情绪不佳日子中时，功用性反刍似有维持正向情绪的效用、情绪焦点反刍则是恶化当天的负向情绪强度、意义寻找反刍则有延长当天负向情绪时间的趋势；若连续处在长期且严重情绪不佳的日子中，功用性反刍对情绪变化并无影响、情绪焦点反刍则是延长且恶化此时期的负向情绪状态、而意义寻找反刍不但会影响负向情绪的状态，似也会有助於此时期的正向情绪状态。

From the viewpoint of life-span development, inhibitory function of emotional interference matures early and ages slowly. Inhibitory processing of emotional interference occurred earlier and continued longer than neutral interference on the time course. Besides, the anterior cingulated cortex plays an important role in emotional and non-emotional interference inhibition, and the inhibitory attention effects for emotional interference occurred in visual processing.

从终生发展来看，对情绪性干扰的抑制成熟得早且不易老化；从加工时程上看，对情绪性干扰的加工比对非情绪中性干扰的加工在发生得早且持续时间长；从参与加工的脑区来看，大脑内侧额叶前扣带回在情绪与非情绪干扰抑制中发挥重要作用，同时，视觉区中存在对情绪干扰的抑制加工。

Furthermore, the brain area of anterior cingulated cortex revealed different response type under emotional and non-emotional interference condition, i.e, activation of ACC in color-word Stroop task was enhanced along with increasing of cognitive conflicting interference. Yet in emotional Stroop task, activation of ACC is reduced when the negative emotional interference was enhanced. This phenomenon suggests that ACC possess a flexible conflict monitoring mechanism and adaptive mechanism, thus providing evidence for the theory that ACC plays an important role in the cognitive and emotional interaction.

其结果显示，背侧前额叶、前扣带回是共同参与情绪与非情绪干扰的执行抑制的脑区，其中，前扣带回在情绪与非情绪干扰两种条件下出现不同类型的反应方式，即前扣带回在色字Stroop作业中随认知冲突干扰梯度的增加而增加，但在情绪Stroop作业中随负性情绪干扰梯度的增加而减少，体现出前扣带回具有灵活的冲突监控与适应性机能，支持前扣带回在认知与情绪交互作用中扮演重要角色的理论。

It includes the preparations of primary emotions, emotions among teaching materials, and emotions of students. The ways of increasing the ability of teacher's emotional preparation are accumulating positive emotional background, fully manipulating variable factors during class, and commercing communication between the teacher and students before and after class.

教师在德育教学中的情绪准备内容包括：备主导情绪、备教材内容中的情绪、备学生的情绪；提高德育教师情绪准备水平的路径包括积累积极的情绪背景，充分应对教学过程中的可变因素，利用课余时间加强师生沟通。

Group average emotional intelligence and the emotional intelligence levels of group leaders are correlated with group whole emotional intelligence: GAEI is positively related to group whole emotional intelligence. High GAEI groups will show a higher level of GEI in the following interactive process; Group leader emotional intelligence is positively related to the ability of group regulation of emotion. High GLEI groups will show a higher level of GROE in the following interactive process.

群体情绪智力的各个层面之间存在相关关系，表现在：群体平均情绪智力同群体整体情绪智力正相关，拥有高群体平均情绪智力的群体能够在随后的交互过程中展现出较高的群体整体情绪智力水平；群体领导情绪智力水平对群体情绪的调节能力预测作用显著，拥有高群体领导情绪智力水平的群体能够在随后的交互过程中展现出较高的群体情绪调节水平。

the 160 women judoists are tested for mental fatigue and personality tests, and the paper tries to reveal their situation of mental fatigue, personality characteristics, and the relationship between them.it is analyzed that chinese elite judoists have no severe mental fatigue; judoists' negative evaluation on emotional/physical exhaustion and sport increase significantly one week before competition than two months; among personality factors, excitability predicts the decrease of achievement and emotional/physical exhaustion reliably on negative; the stability predicts sport on negative; tension predicts emotional/physical exhaustion on positive; adaption and anxiety in dimension personality predicts in positive both in the decrease of achievement and emotional/physical exhaustion and internal extraversion does them in negative; health personality in applied dimension personality predicts in negative in the decrease of achievement, emotional/physical exhaustion and negative evaluation of sport when mental fatigue, stability and sensitivity predicts the decrease of achievement in negative; only internal extraversion in dimension personality predicts the decrease of achievement and emotional/physical exhaustion in positive.

摘 要：以160名女子柔道运动员为被试，进行运动员心理疲劳以及人格测试，并尝试揭示女子柔道运动员的心理疲劳状况、人格特征以及二者之间的关系。分析得出：我国优秀柔道运动员心理疲劳程度并不严重；运动员在临赛前一个星期较赛前二个月情绪/体力耗竭以及运动的负评价显著提高；人格因素中的兴奋性对成就感的降低以及情绪/体力耗竭两维度均有可靠的负向预测作用；稳定性对运动的负评价维度具有可靠的负向预测作用；紧张性对情绪/体力耗竭有可靠正向预测作用；次元人格中适应与焦虑对成就感的降低以及情绪/体力耗竭均有可靠正向预测作用，内外向性对成就感的降低、情绪/体力耗竭以及运动负评价都有可靠负向预测作用。应用性次元人格中健康者的人格对运动员心理疲劳的对成就感的降低、情绪/体力耗竭以及运动负评价均有可靠的负向预测作用；稳定性、敏感性对临赛前成就感的降低维度的变化有可靠的负向预测作用；次元人格中只有内外向性对临赛前成就感的降低以及情绪/体力耗竭维度的变化有可靠的正向预测作用。

It is also known as one of the most poisonous naturally occurring substances.

它也被称为一个最自然发生的有毒物质。

The greatest stress is found at the location on the cross section where V is the largest.

最大应力出现在横截面上V为最大的地方。