工程设计

Our country firstly put forward such design principle of Qinghai-Tibet railway engineering as "lower temperature actively, reduce the heat into the subsoil, and assure the heat stability of frozen earth for the quality stability of construction", creatively adopt such corresponding measures of frozen earth construction problem as: for the poor frozen earth developing section, line should avoid as possible;for the geology of ice at high temperature and unstable frozen earth zone, the method of bridge instead of subgrade shall be adopted;in subgradeconstruction, such facilities as heat stick, rubble ventilation subgrade , rubble ventilation berm, ventilation pipe subgrade and laying heat preservation board etc shall be adopted to raise the stability of frozen earth subgrade;during the excavation of bridge, culvert , foundation pit and scouring prevention trough, creatively adopt single-tooth knapper and solve the problem of frozen earth excavation;during the construction of bridge and culvert, durable concrete and three-step maintenance method are adopted to assure the outside and inside beauty of structure.

我国在世界上首次提出"主动降温、减少传入地基土的热量、保证多年冻土的热稳定性，从而保证修筑在上面的工程质量的稳定性"的青藏铁路工程设计原则，创造性地采取了解决冻土施工难题的相应对策：对于不良冻土现象发育地段、线路尽量绕避；对于高温极不稳定冻土区的高含冰量地质，采取"以桥代路"的办法；在路基施工中采用了热棒、片石通风路基、片石通风护道、通风管路基、铺设保温板等多项设施，提高冻土路基的稳定性；在桥涵基坑、挡水埝基槽开挖中，创造性地应用了单齿破碎器，解决了冻土开挖难题；在桥涵工程施工中，采用了耐久性混凝土，采用了三步养生法，保证了结构物内实外美。

Shanghai SPANG Petrochemical Technology Ltd is located in Shanghai Pudong Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, is a modern enterprise system in accordance with the established high-tech enterprises, mainly engaged in petrochemical, coal chemical industry, iron and steel metallurgy, environmental protection and energy-saving technologies, such as in the field of new technologies Project development, technology consulting, technology services and engineering design and engineering of the total package.

上海胜帮石油化工技术有限公司地处上海浦东张江高科技园区，是一家按照现代企业制度建立的高新科技企业，主要从事石油化工、煤化工、钢铁冶金、环保和节能等技术领域的新技术工程开发、技术咨询、技术服务和工程设计及工程总包。

The title and bill of material in engineering drawings are important data source for product data integrated management. In order to reuse the CAD data, the paper presents an effective method for extracting part information from existing engineering drawings. Through analyzing the format of title and bill of material, several shape-position characteristics of tables are summed up from the view of macro-layout and microstructure. A new method to automatically extracting drawing information based on cell-grid and feature-point is proposed along with its algorithm principle and implementation steps. A software package based on the method mentioned above is developed and used in practice.

1引言工程图是工程设计的主要成果和制造加工的主要依据，CAD软件的广泛应用使得传统上对于纸质图纸的管理模式转变为对大量电子文件的管理模式·由于文件系统在实际应用中不能适应复杂大规模的管理模式，已经出现了各种各样的图档管理系统[1]·工程图中包含的零件信息在表现形式上体现纸格式的标准化为批量提取数据提供了可能性·作为计算机处理的对象，图纸信息自动识别成为数据管理和系统集成的一项关键技术·当前CAD管理系统所处理的数据对象比较复杂，面临由不同企业使用不同的绘图软件生成的图纸，其中的标题栏和明细栏或者由软件自动生

According to the specific features of AEC industry and info levels of AEC product, concepts of drawing cell, granularity of DC object and collaborative links are introduced to realize the CAD info integration, which maps the geometrical and topological constraints of product info into inner-correlation and outer-hyperlink of DCO.

文中针对工程设计的特点和工程产品的信息结构层次，通过"图元对象"概念的引入、图元对象粒度的建立和协同链接集成，在图元对象的内部关联和外部链接两个层次上建立了工程产品CAD信息集成模型。

The results obtained by this method fit well with the field test results, and the potential bearing capacity of large diameter belled pile can be utilized fully, so it can be used as a reference in engineering design.

工程实例验证表明，按作者提出方法得到的结果与工程实测值符合较好，能充分发挥大直径扩底桩的潜力，可以供工程设计时参考使用。

By analyzing the general features of aquifer, a new concept of "the flow transfixion" was introduced, and the interaction between the flow transfixion and the heat transfixion and great significance of the flow transfixion to projects were analyzed.

通过分析含水层储能的一般特点，提出流贯通，分析流贯通和热贯通的相互作用、相互影响及对工程实际的意义，并基于地下水水热运移的基本原理，建立地下水流动数值模型，在此基础上对沈阳某场地水源热泵工程的运行进行流场及温度场的数值模拟分析，给出产生流贯通的依据，进而研究流贯通对热贯通的影响，并为该地区的地下水源热泵工程设计提供一定的参考。

Based on system analysis and study of the present design proce- dures of highway width,the paper proposes a set of computer block diagrams for opitimun design of four-lane highway width,By the curvature radius of comber Line of the highway,given in overall design,and related characteristic parameter of the largest vehicle to be allowed to pass through.it is easy for design technicians to complete optimizing design of the lane width with the help of the computer block diagrams.

在对现行公路宽度设计方法进行系统分析及研究的基础上，本文提出一组四车道公路机功车车道宽度优化设计计算机框图。根据总体设计提供的公路各曲线段中心线曲率半径及允许通行的最大车辆的有关特性参数，公路工程设计人员很易通过该组计算机框图圆满地完成四车道公路机动车车道宽度的优化设计工作。

In this paper, a brief presentation on the development of irrigation and drainage engineering and the basic concept of CI is given firstly.

该文在对灌排工程的发展现状和计算智能的基本概念进行简要介绍的基础上，分别就计算智能中常用的理论方法如模糊集理论、人工神经网络、遗传算法、模拟退火算法、粗集理论以及混沌理论等，在灌排工程的系统规划、建模预测、工程设计、综合评判以及优化运行等方面的应用研究现状进行了简要回顾与综合评述，最后对计算智能在灌排系统工程应用中存在的问题及其发展前景进行了展望。

Although some methods already exist for worm gear design and the design integration has been seen in some engineering design areas, however, the integration of multiple techniques into the whole design process of worm gearing has not been seen in the literature, and, hence, the approach reported in this paper is an important contribution to worm gear design.

虽然一些方法为蠕虫齿轮设计已经存在并且设计综合化看了在一些工程设计区域，然而，多个技术的综合化入蠕虫连动的整体设计过程未看在文学，并且，因此，方法被报告在本文里是对蠕虫齿轮设计的重要贡献。

Engineering Design (FEED, Basic Design, Detail Design, Shop Drawing Design, As-Built Drawing Design) and Site Service

工程设计(FEED，初步设计，详细设计，加工图设计，完工图设计)及现场服务

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。