岩石的

New ideas and methods in the paper:1 The formulas on perforated casing collapse strength were deducted, which offereda convenient method to analyze the relationship between casing collapse strength and perforation;2 The stress and displacement formulas on the system of casing, cement anddeformation under the non-uniform load were deducted, which offered the theoretical found for designing optimally casing string;3 The relationship between structure in-situ field of whole oil field and casing failurewere studied, which offered the scheme for the prediction of casing failure. The process of study in the paper:1 For simulating the relationship between the structure in-situ field and the casingfailure in the oil-deformation, the tests of the uniaxial tensile, compress, tnaxial compress and dilatability were made on the samples of the drill cores from deformation of casing failure position in Yuejing II oil field.

本文的主要创新： 1推导出了射孔套管抗挤强度的解析式，为分析射孔与套管强度的变化关系提供了简便的方法； 2推导出了非均匀地层载荷作用下套管、水泥环和地层组合体的应力和位移解析式，并非均匀作用下套管柱优化设计提供了理论依据； 3研究整个油田区块构造应力场与套管损坏关系，为预测套管损坏提供了可行方案；本文的研究过程如下： 1为模拟构造应力场与油层段套管损坏关系，做了大量的岩石单轴抗拉、单轴抗压、三轴试验以及岩石遇水膨胀试验，获得了研究区块岩石的弹性模量、泊松比、内聚力、内摩擦角以及岩石的线膨胀系数，这此数据为本文研究油层段套管损坏机理研究的理论分析和有限元法提供了实验数据。

I think the foliation is resulted from deformation . The original composition of the foliated rock is granite.

我认为岩石中的这些片理是由于岩石变形造成的，片理化岩石的原岩就是花岗岩。

I think the foliation is resulted from deformation.

我认为岩石中的这些片理是由于岩石变形造成的，片理化岩石的原岩就是花岗岩。

Because of rock formation drillability is very important to our dilling program,we need to design one equipment to test the rock formation drillability,which is rock formation drillability experment equipment..this equipment is delight and dependentable,which can quickly testing the rock formation drillability,This equipment has wide useful feature.

因为岩石可钻性对钻井工程有很重要的作用，所以我们需要设计一台测定岩石可钻性的实验设备，即岩石可钻性试验机。该设备轻便、可靠，能方便、快捷的测定岩石的可钻性，具有广阔的应用前景。

The studies on the compositions, origins and elastic properties of the southern Tibetan lower crust include the following 4 aspects: the petrological and geochemical festures and ages of granulitic facie rocks located in Higher Himalayas; dehydration melting experiments on the biotite-plagioclase gniess collected from Higher Himalayas at high temperature and high pressure to model the formation of the granulites; measurements of wave velocities of the lower crustal rock in situ; analysis of origin of intracrust low wave velocity layers beneath southern Tibet.

以西藏南部下地壳物质组成，成因及其弹性性质为研究目标进行了4个方面的相关研究：高喜马拉雅地区麻粒岩相岩石的岩石学，地球化学和年代学研究；麻粒岩相岩石成因的高温高压实验；原位条件下岩石的弹性波速测量；西藏高原壳内低速层的成因分析与模拟。

The results show that the petrographic characteristics of clastic rock have an intrinsic influence on its macro mechanical properties and bursting potential.

研究结果表明，碎屑岩的岩石学特征对其宏观力学性质和冲击倾向性具有重要影响作用，随着碎屑颗粒含量的增加，岩石的强度和刚性增强，岩石的脆性增大，弹性能指数和冲击能指数增加，岩石在轴向应力作用下达到峰值强度以后直到完全破坏的持续时间变短，冲击倾向性增强。

Frictional experiments using a self-designed "multifunction servo friction and abrasion experiment machine" with the multi-parameter synchronous data collection system and online data processing software have been made on six types of rocks. The analyses of the experiments results indicate that earthquake faults with large displacement bring up a series of products continually changing from cataclasis to melting. The rocks contained mafic minerals are easier to melt and the gas bubbles in melting products proved the hydroxy water from the minerals has participated the rock melting process and decreased the melting point of the rock. Frictional melting is more sensitive to speed than normal stress. The temperature sharply increases at about 40℃/sec when the sample enters the earthquake fault state. While the melting happens, torsion decreases instantly and there is perhaps a "blind region" of normal stress.

利用自行设计加工的&多功能伺服摩擦磨损实验机&，及多参数同步数据采集系统和联机数据处理软件，对六类岩石进行的实验和分析成果表明：大位移地震断层作用形成了与滑动速率有关的从碎裂到熔融连续变化的系列产物；含镁铁质矿物的岩石更容易熔融，熔融产物中出现的气泡证实了矿物羟基水很可能参与了岩石的熔融过程并降低岩石熔点；相对于正应力而言摩擦熔融程度对速度变化更加敏感；此外，进入地震断层状态时温度急剧上升达～40℃/秒；伴随熔融发生出现扭矩骤减时，可能存在一个短暂的正应力&盲区&。

Concept To describe changes in the relative configuration of rocks, imagine that there is a unit sphere, 1 in radius, in the rock before it is deformed. When the rock is deformed homogeneously, the sphere becomes an ellipsoid. Then this ellipsoid is called strain ellipsoid, whose shape and orientationrepresents the rock's strain condition.

概念 为了形象地描述岩石的应变形态，设想在变形前岩石内有一个半径为1的单位球体、平均变形后成为一个椭球，以这个椭球形态和方位表示岩石应变状态这个椭球称应变椭球。

The H-W equation can only be used to calculate the breakdown pressure of non-permeable rock; therefore ...

新公式可预测任何渗透状况岩石的破裂压力，它包括了早期提出的 2个计算公式，并把渗透性岩石和非渗透性岩石完全统一起来。

The rock cycle is a process that involves the three types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, and igneous) which shows how these three types of rocks form and how they are connected.

岩石周期是一个过程，涉及到三种类型的岩石，其中显示出这三类岩石的形成，以及它们如何连接。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。