尺度系数

To extract shaft orbit\'s features invariant to rotation, scaling and translation, the unique strengths of Haar orthogonal matrix type are found, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of shaft orbit are fast proceeded by Haar transform, respectively, and the slopes with different resolutions are obtained at different positions by using the corresponding transform coefficients, and then the multi-resolution angles between the adjacent slope straight line are extracted skillfully and used for the hierarchical recognition, the recognition process accords with the principle of human\'s recognizing things by using hierarchy analysis approach.

为提取轴心轨迹平移、旋转、尺度不变性特征，本文挖掘出Haar正交矩阵在图形识别中的独特优点，引入Haar正交矩阵分别对轴心轨迹的横、纵坐标进行快速变换，并利用变换后的对应系数得到轴心轨迹不同位置不同分辨率下的斜率，继而推求出相邻斜率直线之间的多分辨率夹角，所获夹角用于轴心轨迹的分层识别，其识别过程符合人类识别事物层次分析的规律。

Experimental evidences on ideal and real data show that different weighting and scaling have different influence on the adjoint assimilation system,and the system has good ability of assimilation and the adjoint code method is a very effective tool.

通过理想场和实际资料进行的试验发现：权重系数和尺度因子选取的不同会对伴随模式同化系统产生不同的影响。试验表明伴随模式系统有较强的同化能力，对提高预报效果有积极的作用，用伴随码推导伴随模式是很有价值的工具。

Using SUSAN formed SIFT and ladder-image pyramid structure to achieve the same scale,new algorithm establish a unified set of over-determined equations of all match points.The over-determined linear equations coefficient matrix can be simplified to drop dimension,so simplify the structure of the augmented matrix and whose dimension is reduced to half.

研究了一种多目标识别算法，该算法用SUSAN角点形成SIFT特征点，采用阶梯图像金字塔结构实现尺度不变，为所有匹配点建立统一的超定线性方程组并对该方程组系数矩阵进行简化使其维数降低一半，得到增广矩阵。

The turbulence integral length scale was obtained by the spectra-fitting method and autocorrelation coefficient integration respectively.

用谱拟合法和自相关系数积分法求出了湍流积分尺度。

At the same time, combining with the actual condition of delivery pipeline of our country and some prevalent leak detection and location methods, this paper raised a method, which is based on wavelet analysis and negative- pressure-wave to detect and locate the leakage. Jobs in the paper are as follows:As affected by gas density, pressure, specific heat and pipe material, the velocity of negative-pressure-wave improved depending on the energy conservation. At one time, taking the affection of velocity of gas flow, the location formula was modified in some degree.When locating the leaks with location formula, the iterative approach algorithm was adopted as a new method to increase the location accuracy level of system.Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform is utilized to filter the noise of negative-pressure-wave, which was brought by leakage. With the capacity to detect the signal singularity fast and accurately, wavelet transform was used to catch the break point of pressure signal. The work improved the accuracy of At in location formula, accordingly improved the location accuracy.Wavelet is a suitable tool for signal analysis. The distinct character is that the mother-wavelet is of optional. That means choosing different mother-wavelet will get different analysis result. So we studied how to choose mother-wavelet and its scale for signal singularity detection. The method is to choose a wavelet by regularities of the wavelet and the signal.Finally, a plan, which bases on SCADA system for inspection and detection of natural gas leakage, is proposed in the article.

其中，主要进行了以下几方面的工作：针对泄漏产生的负压波在管道中的传播速度受媒介的密度、压力、比热及材质等因素的影响，而非声波在空气中传播的速度，本文利用能量守恒原理，对其进行了修正；考虑到管内气体流速对压力波速的影响，对原始的负压波定位公式进行了一定程度的改进，并在利用定位公式进行泄漏点定位时采用逐步迭代逼近算法，提高了系统的定位精度；利用小波变换的多分辨率分解和重构技术，对采集到的管道发生泄漏时产生的负压波信号进行了降噪处理；并利用小波变换技术对信号奇异点的快速、准确的识别能力，对经上述消噪后的负压波信号进行了奇异点捕捉，精确捕捉的结果提高了定位公式中上下游站点采集到的负压波奇异点的时间差△t的精度，从而进一步提高了定位的精度；考虑到小波变换是一种基波可变的信号分析工具，也就是说，不同的小波基波对信号分析的结果将有很大差别，这势必影响最终的处理结果，因此，我们又对比分析了本课题中小波基及尺度的选择问题，依据规则性系数相似性原理对母小波的选择进行了探索性研究；最后，还提出了基于SCADA的泄漏检测与定位系统的软件开发构想及系统的嵌入方案。

According to the characteristics of the gray projection curves, a pair of maximum and minimum points are found near the central position of each gray projection curve. The differences in position are calculated respectively and the scale change parameter is obtained as the ratio of both differences.

此时，可根据尺度变化下图像灰度累积投影曲线的特点，分别计算参考帧和当前帧的投影曲线上一对极大—极小值点的坐标差值，以它们的比值作为缩放系数，实现实时求取。

The differential coefficient of the dimension function indispensable to finite element equations and the Daubechies-Galerkin coefficient are given.

并详细推导出在有限元方程中所需的尺度函数的导数和Daubechies-Galerkin有限元方程系数。

A theoretical formula for wave-pattern resistance, i. e., a statistical mathematical model, is developed using the linear wave-making theory. The effect of principal dimensions, vertical centers of transverse sections and the prismatic curve on wave-pattern resistance is studied.

本文用线性兴波理论建立了波形阻力的理论公式，从理论上考虑了主尺度和系数、横剖面形心高及棱形曲线对波阻的影响；根据17艘肥大船模65种状态的实测波形资料，用统计分析法计算得出一组随傅氏数而异的波形阻力预估公式；为使数学模型付诸电算，定义了属统计学范畴的"广义相关系数"。

Contourlet coefficients are modeled using a hidden Markov tree model with Gaussian mixtures that can capture all interscale, interdirection, and interlocation dependencies, which is more valid than wavelet HMT model.

Contourlet域隐马尔科夫树模型不但可以描述尺度间的相关性，而且可以对方向子带间contourlet系数的相关性做出统计描述，是一种比小波域HMT模型更为有效的系数相关性描述方法。

Due to different properties of the signal and noise in wave-let coefficient modulus under different scale of wavelet transformation, we can extract the edge characteristic through detecting the local maximum of the wavelet transformation coefficient modulus.

基于信号与噪声在不同尺度下小波系数模的变化特征，可以通过检测小波变换系数模局部极大值来提取图像的边缘特征。

The big eared hedgehog, the little owl, the sand gecko, the three-toed jerboa, and every show needs a villain - saw-scale - the viper!

大耳刺猬，小猫头鹰，沙壁虎，三趾跳鼠，每场戏都需要反派角色：蝰蛇。

Plasmodiophora brassicae ; resting spores ; density gradient centrifugation of sucrose ; ultrasonic disruption

根肿；休眠孢子；蔗糖密度梯度离心；超声波破碎