尺度参数

There are many significant topics, including Huge Scale Parallel Broadcasting Technology, the Scale-free of Internet and WWW, the essential parameters of Internet in China in which network average distance, power law equation and exponential and so on, the structure of ACN and emulational experiments, the UCL technology in ACN.

主要研究了：大规模并播技术（尤其是基于数据广播的体制）；互联网与万维网的无尺度效应，尤其是我国的互联网络的平均距离、幂律方程及参数等我国互联网模型的基本参数；互补结构网络的结构形式及网络参数仿真实验；互补结构网络中的UCL技术。

The mechanism of the periodic formation of hierarchic structures was also demonstrated.

通过结构因子的演化，讨论了二尺度相分离结构的形成机理，并且考察了相互作用参数的震荡幅度与体系特征尺度的关系。

The analytical approach/tool of MultipleScale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism, proposed by Mario Giampietro,Kozo Mayumi, et al., based on the congruence among resource "Human Activities", resource "Exosomatic Energy Flows", and "Added Value Flows" in the hierarchical socioeconomic systems, using, in an integrated way, incommensurable variables referring to nonequivalent descriptive domains(coming from various scientific disciplines) and data gathered at distinct hierarchical levels, addresses the various relevant dimensions of societal development and sustainability.

社会代谢多尺度综合评估"分析方法，根据"人类活动"资源、"体外能"资源和"增加值三者在社会经济系统中的叠合关系，将各个尺度（如国家、经济部门、次级部门、省/州、社区、直至个别家庭）上，社会经济系统的能量代谢过程，与该系统的经济、人口（如人口的年龄结构和性别构成）、生态和社会（如义务教育和退休年龄的规定）特征结合起来，利用多个关系式，计算出社会经济系统的人类活动量、体外能投入量、劳动生产率、生物—经济压力和体外能超循环强度等参数、指标，进而综合地分析评估社会经济系统发展与可持续性。

In this paper, searching technology of product information based on knowledge was researched. On the aspect of cognition, we researched the relation between user\'s cognition and designer\'s cognition, explored the knowledge flow in the process of product development, set up a matching model between user\'s knowledge and designer\'s knowledge, brought forward a modeling method based on users\' cognition, and set up a measurable model of product feature; coded and decoded product form element, set up a computer aided product form design system and image evaluating system based on the result of measurement. Accordingly, the product style and product image were systematically discussed, the recognition space of product style and image was constructed, the factors that affect product style and image were put forwards and analyzed, and the relation between product image and form elements was tested by experiments. Furthermore, the product automatic recognition technologies were discussed.And then, with the media of concept model and the kernel of parameter technology, a mathematic model that describing product layout design by constraints and rules was presented. Furthermore, a product design integration system based on imagery thinking including product fonii base system based on imagery thinking, product form design system based on imagery thinking and product form intelligent design system based on space layout were set up, which tested the system and provided a new way for product innovative design.

本文以产品特征描述目标对象——产品，研究一种基于知识的产品信息检索技术，在对产品的认知方面，研究了用户认知和设计师认知之间的关系，研究了产品开发过程中的知识流传递过程，建立了用户知识和设计知识之间的匹配模型，提出了一种基于用户知识的产品建模方法，它不但提取了产品的特征，还建立了产品特征量化模型，从而实现了产品知识的量化描述；对产品造型元素进行分解和编码，利用实验量化结果构造计算机辅助产品形状设计系统和心象评价系统；使用量表分析造型元素的心象尺度，构造输入、输出系统，建立了产品设计知识库咨询系统，可以方便用户和设计师来导入或查询产品设计方案；实现了对产品造型心象的分类知识库系统，便于设计师存储或查询，辅助设计师进行产品创新设计；通过实验量化了产品造型参数和产品心象参数之间的关系，并在此基础上建立了基于心象的产品形状设计系统，为产品空间布局方案智能生成系统奠定基础；在基于知识库的基础上建立了产品空间布局方案智能生成系统，通过更改概念产品造型参数，实现了产品设计方案的智能生成，使系列化的设计工作变得十分方便；将产品的心象运用到实际设计过程中，能够引导流行趋势，创造出产品无形的设计价值。

So, polymer melt filling flow behaviors in microscale in special microscale effectswere researched, and distributions of temperature, pressure and velocity, etc. were gained. Onthis basis, numerical simulations were carried out and molding process experiments werestudied, all of which are momentously theoretical and practical significance on optimizationdesign of micro injection mold and on improving the quality of micro plastic part.

因此，对微尺度下熔体充模流动行为尤其对微尺度效应进行深入研究，获得微小型腔内熔体的温度、压力及速度场，在此基础上进行数值模拟与成型工艺试验，对设计优化微注塑模具、合理设置成型工艺参数和提高微塑件质量都具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。

The paper presented a method of detecting long-range correlation in a signal--detrended fluctuation analysis and applied it to diagnose gear faults. Two key problems, i.e. scaling range and polynomial order of fitted trend, were discussed. Scaling exponent was extracted to be as a detector for diagnosing five types of gear faults, their were normal, spalling, tooth broken, wearing and cracking.

探讨了一种检测非平稳信号中长程相关信息的方法--利用去趋势波动分析（detrended fluctuation analysis，DFA）方法来诊断机械故障，着重研究DFA的尺度范围选择、趋势拟合阶数选择等关键问题，提取尺度指数作为诊断的特征参数，应用于齿轮的正常、剥落、断齿、磨损、裂纹等五种状态诊断，正确率达96％以上。

In order to characterize the spatial characteristics at different scale, different theoretical model coefficient we defined to create the Kriging map and the rational number of sampling impendent from each other at different spatial scale.

变异函数结构分析显示，土壤机械组成的空间变异在各方向上具有不同变率，但均可通过线性变换而转换为各向同性的统一结构，属于几何各向异性结构；不同观测尺度上有着不同的空间结构特征，对不同空间结构的区域化变量确定了不同的理论模型参数，并绘制克立格图，给出不同观测尺度下满足独立取样的合理取样数目。

First the problem of multirate sampled-data reconstruction is studied and data reconstruction method based on wavelet network is proposed.

首先，利用小波网络构造参数子模型，并采用LS方法直接估计第二代参数；然后利用遗传算法和AIC确定参数子模型的结构，以获得最终用于表示LTV系统的二次回归方程，实现时变系统的多尺度经济建模。

The result shows that the real accuracy of VLBI and GPS geocentric coordinates is within 1cm, and the scale deflection of VLBI and GPS techniques is very little, the result using seven-parameter model to process coordinate transformation is better.

分别采用七参数和九参数模型对VLBI数据和GPS数据进行坐标转换，结果表明，VLBI与GPS的符合精度小于1dm，两种技术所获得的坐标在尺度上的差异很小，七参数的转换结果更优。

In order to develop and modify Gregory scheme for cumulus convective parameterization,we make the improvement as follows:(1) The large-scale moisture convergence is taken into account and the organized inflow,which occurs in the area of large-scale moisture convergence and is directly proportional to it, is added to turbulent airflow.(2) The influence on saturation vapor pressure exerted by supercooled water is taken into account and the initial mass flux is adjusted. Based on diagnosis of the air heating and moistening, the downdraft airflow is adjusted.(3) Based on the character of our country heavy rainfall,which usually occurs in the mixed cloud consisted of stratocumulus and cumulus, the process of excessive convection is restrained by organized outflow in the top of cloud and improving downdraft current and by reducing the evaporation of rainfall and release of latent heat.

为了改进和发展Gregory积云参数化方案，(1)考虑了大尺度水汽辐合对积云对流的影响，即在混合卷入中加入有组织的卷入，让有组织的卷入存在于有大尺度水汽辐合的层次上，并且与大尺度水汽辐合直接成比例；(2)考虑了过冷水存在对饱和比湿的影响，调整了初始的质量通量，并且根据对大气加热加湿的诊断，调整了大气向下拖曳的强度；(3)根据我国降水多由层状云和嵌入其中的对流云混合产生的这一特点，对于过强对流过程进行抑制，在云顶加入有组织的卷出，同时加大向下拖曳的强度，减少蒸发以降低潜热的释放，抑制过强对流的发生。

The big eared hedgehog, the little owl, the sand gecko, the three-toed jerboa, and every show needs a villain - saw-scale - the viper!

大耳刺猬，小猫头鹰，沙壁虎，三趾跳鼠，每场戏都需要反派角色：蝰蛇。

Plasmodiophora brassicae ; resting spores ; density gradient centrifugation of sucrose ; ultrasonic disruption

根肿；休眠孢子；蔗糖密度梯度离心；超声波破碎