定音鼓

Strings, bassoon, tuba, timpani and gran cassa march along with moody determination.

弦乐、低音管、大号、定音鼓和低音鼓犹豫着前进。

In fact, timpani are made of copper , and the drumheads are made of calfskin or plastic stretched across the top.

事实上，定音鼓是由铜制成的，而鼓的表面是由小牛皮革和塑胶展开而制的。

In recent years, some foreign instrument makers, in order for bass drums can be easily modulated tone at the level of force used in the symphony's principal rotating drum and the drum circle change of the skin tightness principle into a single thin skin barrel drums, the drummer who has been extensively used.

近年来，国外的一些乐器制造商，为了使爵士鼓能够很方便地随时调制音调的高低，采用了交响乐队中定音鼓的鼓圈和转动鼓体改变鼓皮松紧的原理，制成一种薄型单皮桶鼓，现已被鼓手们大量采用。

T he band is composed of brass instruments (trumpet, trombone, French horn, and tuba), wood-wind and percussion instruments (drum, timpani, and glockenspiel).

我们的乐队是由铜管乐器﹝如：小号、长号、法国号和低音号…等﹞、木管乐器﹝如：长笛、萨克管与竖笛…等﹞与打击乐器﹝如：大鼓、定音鼓与铁琴…等﹞所组成的。

A French horn .T he band is composed of brass instruments (trumpet, trombone, French horn , and tuba), wood-wind and percussion instruments (drum, timpani, and glockenspiel).

我们的乐队是由铜管乐器﹝如：小号、长号、法国号和低音号…等﹞、木管乐器﹝如：长笛、萨克管与竖笛…等﹞与打击乐器﹝如：大鼓、定音鼓与铁琴…等﹞所组成的。

If you want to play the timpani well, you must know the basic common sense about the timpani.

如果你想要把定音鼓打好的话，你必须要知道定音鼓的基本常识。

At that time, instrument makers were creating timpani, which were bigger in size and sound.

而在那时，乐器制造者开始改造定音鼓，把定音鼓的体积和声音都变得更大。

Many people consider the timpani to be one of the hardest instruments to play, because playing the timpani involves pitch, rhythm and tone, thus it is difficult to control them.

许多人认为定音鼓是最难演奏的乐器，因为打定音鼓需要音高、音调和节拍，所以是很难掌控它们的。

It is hoped for that the thesis is able to make performers further understand the connotation and performing techniques of Elliott Carter's composition. Also it may serve as a catalyst that facilitates more researchers to get involved in the works and performance of timpani.

希冀本文之乐曲分析与探讨能让演奏者能更进一步了解艾略特E卡特的作品集「八首为四个定音鼓所写的作品」的内涵与演奏方式，也希望能带动更多研究者探讨有关定音鼓的作品与演奏方式。

This thesis discusses the composition Eight Pieces for Four Timpani by the American composer Elliott Carter and analyzes its interpretation. Moreover, it deals with the application of timpani skills and the timbre change of musical notation.

中文摘要本文撰写以美国作曲家艾略特E卡特的作品集「八首为四个定音鼓所写的作品」来探讨作品中的乐曲分析与演奏诠释，并以乐谱的记谱法来探讨定音鼓技巧应用与音色变化。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。