契约

We find that,(1) the regional market development influences CG——better institutional environment can improve CG and decrease the agency costs.(2) However, there is no influence for perquisite consumption, the reason for which is the existence of compensation regulation in our stated-owned corporate. The perquisite consumption remedies the low monetary reward and undertakes the recessive motivating effect. This is in accord with Li, Sun and Liu (2005) in which the managers' compensation contracts conform to the superior contracting theory.

经过实证检验我们发现：1、上市公司所处地区的市场化程度较高，那么公司的代理成本相对较低，从而证明了地区的市场化程度确实影响公司的治理结构，好的法律制度环境有利于上市公司治理结构的完善，降低公司的代理成本。2、地区市场化程度的高低对于上市公司经理人的在职消费没有显著的影响，这是因为我国国有企业薪酬管制的存在，在职消费作为低货币性报酬的补偿，承担着隐性激励的作用，这与李增泉、孙铮和刘凤委（working paper，2005）关于我国上市公司经理人的薪酬契约符合最优契约论的研究结论保持一致。

It reflects the pursuit of value based on the human's nationality. In China, there is a lack of the spirit of contract in the area of public administration because of Chinese traditional poh'tic culture. Therefore, it is very important to develop the spirit of contract in th...

当代中国由于传统政治文化的影响，在公共行政领域存在契约精神的缺失，因此，把契约精神当作当代中国公共行政的核心价值和基本理念来加以倡导有着极其重要的意义。

The political development must be in favor of developmentof human being and progress of society after all.

而罗马法观念与斯多葛自然法思想的结合所构成的罗马契约观念的核心是权利观，由于罗马法和自然法思想的传承，这一权利契约观成为未来西方政治发展的基础性资源。

In the last chapter the author suggests that existing Chinese legislation shall endorse the validities of the precontract.It will enrich the connotation of contract and improve the system of contract law in China.At last,the author proposes to develop the regulation over precontract in the framework of contract law in China.

在本文的最后一章中作者提出了在立法上明确承认预约合同效力等解决商品房认购书纠纷的建议，以期能丰富契约概念的内涵，完善契约立法体系内部的结构，并提出在我国合同法框架内设立预约制度的构想。

When we in English have occasion, in mentioning a contract, to connect it for convenience'' sake with one of the parties —— for example, if we wished to speak generally of a contractor —— it is always the promisor at whom our words are pointing.

当我们在英文中提到一个契约时，为便利偏见，偶然把它和契约两造的一方联系起来时——例如，如果我们想一般地提到一个缔约人——，我们的话所指的总是要约人。

We should rather say that, in the interval between their days and ours, morality has advanced from a very rude to a highly refined conception from viewing the rights of property as exclusively sacred, to looking upon the rights growing out of the mere unilateral reposal of confidence as entitled to the protection of the penal law.

但这个时代，是在法律迷信的统治之下。"自然状态"已不再是似是而非的东西了，因此，在坚持"社会契约"是一种历史事实时，就很容易使"法律"起源于契约的理论获得一种虚伪的真实性和明确性。

Company secondary equity offering increases the company size and influences to the senior managers reward.

本文第四章对公司规模与高管报酬的实证研究发现，经理主义和代理理论同时存在于我国上市公司的高管人员报酬契约中，高管报酬契约是双方相互妥协形成的一个博弈均衡，双方的利益在这个均衡中都能够得到一定体现。

And on can agree on parent–offspring's relation, and carry out possibility to offer the introduction on the agreement aspecting, and then direct against some special problems of taking the place of the pregnant agreement and describe and make a self–criticism.

且就契约层面上是否可以约定亲子关系、和执行可能性方面给予介绍，并进而针对代孕契约之一些特殊问题予以描述和检讨。

Staff study is not from the aspect of self-concern in traditional economic, the integration of economic contract and psy-chological contract does good to the improvement of staff's positivity and organization's efficiency.

它改变了传统经济学从"自私自利"的角度研究雇员，把经济契约和心理契约有机结合，有利于提高雇员的积极性，促进组织的高效率。

Because of asymmetric information, principal-agent issue is at the bottom of sepration of ownership and domination in modern stock corporation. From point of view of contract economics, modern stock corporation is a incompleteness contract between stock holder and handlers.

由于信息不对称，现代股份公司的"所有权和控制权分离"带来了委托代理问题，从契约经济学的角度看，现代股份制上市公司是一个股东与经理人之间的不完全契约。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。