大气现象

Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and its phenomena and the weather .

气象学是对于大气、大气的现象与天气的研究。

Remote sensing in ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet can help us recognize many spatial phenomenon, such as dayside and nightside airglow,aurora.

在自然界中有许多现象都反映在紫外-真空紫外波段，如太阳的紫外光谱反映着太阳的物理构成及其变化规律，地球的大气气辉和极光等也是太阳辐射和地球大气相互作用的表现，宇宙中的许多恒星，其温度都很高，辐射峰值多在紫外-真空紫外谱区。

Some factors such as the Earth's oblateness, the ionospheric dalay, the large-scale horizontal refractive index gradients in the atmosphere, and atmospheric multipath can influence the precision of retrieval.

地球扁率、电离层传播时间延迟、大气大尺度水平梯度、多路径传播现象等因素在某些高度范围影响大气反演的精度。

The newly proposed prepotency evolution algorithm based on the concept of "prepotency"has a higher convergence speed comparing to the conventional genetic algorithm.

尤其是在对大气寿命的预测上，由于数据结构不好，传统遗传算法很容易产生过拟合现象，但混沌突变的遗传算法很好地避免了该现象的发生。

The CO2 uptake rate of plants is affected by the plant species and environmental conditions such as photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, water and nutrient contents. PAR is the most immediate environmental control on photosynthesis while air temperature affects both photorespiration and dark respiration. In the natural condition, PAR and temperature play an important role in net CO2 uptake. The effects of PAR and air temperature on the CO2 uptake of Pterocarpus macrocarpus grown in a natural habitat were studied in the present work. Due to many uncontrollable factors, a simple rectangular hyperbola could not represent the measured data. The data were divided into groups of 2℃ intervals; CO2 uptake in each group may then be related to PAR by a rectangular hyperbola function. Using the obtained functions, the effect of PAR was removed from the original data.

用涡度相关法对亚热带红壤丘陵区人工针叶林的二氧化碳、水、热通量进行了观测，重点分析了23m、39m两层高度的观测结果，同时把观测期分为春季和冬季两个不同时间段作了对比：结果表明，不管冬季还是春季，39m高度所测的总通量值和夜间通量值都要小于23m的观测值，这种通量差别表明：23m高度的观测结果更接近当地生态系统与大气之间的通量交换值，在此种生态类型条件下用涡度相关法测碳通量时，在23m、39m两层高度之间仍然存在大气平流现象；该试验区植被在冬季仍然可以进行光合作用，而且光合作用所吸收的CO2大于呼吸作用所排放的CO2，因此该种生态系统在冬季仍表现为碳汇；春季的碳通量值为冬季的2倍以上。

In this paper, the structure characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer have been studied over Lanzhou in winter by combining numerical simulation method with analysis of the data which was observed by sounding balloon during the collaborative project "Study on air pollution and countermeasure in Lanzhou" supported by Gansu Government and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

本文利用甘肃省政府和中国科学院的科技合作项目"兰州市大气污染及对策研究"所获得的系留气球探空资料，并且结合数值模拟方法，对兰州市冬季大气边界层温度场特征进行了对比分析，结果表明：在没有特殊天气过程的典型冬季代表性时段，山谷城市兰州逆温边界层结构无论白天或夜间都存在，而且经常出现多层逆温和白天的脱地逆温情况，只有当冷空气过境时，逆温现象才减弱或消失；与观测结果相比较可以看出，数值模拟结果基本上反应了温度场的主要特征。

Through analysis of the 1999/2000 background field of winter circumfluence, we find that the changes of West Pacific subtropic high and polar vortex are important factors that affect the changes of winter climates characters of our countrys and decay or melt of sea ice in the Bohai Sea .

通过对1999／2000年冬季环流背景资料的分析，发现西太平洋副热带高压和极涡的变化是影响我国冬季天气气候特征变化和渤海海冰生消的重要因素，而副热带高压和极涡等大气活动中心的变化又与赤道东太平洋的厄尔尼诺现象及拉尼娜现象有关。

Resultantly, the individual warm/cold events in ENSO cycle appear to be partially locked to the annual cycle, and also exhibit obvious irregularity both in amplitude and in lasting time.

本文第四章研制设计了一包含海洋表面边界层和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合异常模式，进而利用该模式对ENSO循环进行了较为真实的模拟，通过对模式ENSO循环的演变特征及其形成机制的细致分析，建立了-ENSO循环的非线性分析模式，并提出了ENSO循环形成的一种更为客观的理论，指出：1）和观测事实类似，模式ENSO循环确实涉及了三种主要时间尺度过程即LF、QB和AC，其中LF为3-4年主周期振荡，QB占总方差10～20%；2）ENSO循环的正反馈机制是不稳定海气相互作用过程，且这一不稳定过程的发展在暖态中明显强于冷态；3）ENSO循环的负反馈机制在冷暖态中表现不同，在冷态消亡过程中，这种负反馈过程主要表现为西边界反射产生的时滞效应，但在暖态消亡过程中不存在类似的时滞效应，其负反馈过程主要表现为在海气耦合不稳定充分发展时伴随的赤道两侧冷水上翻过程的加强以及非线性过程的衰减作用抑制了不稳定的发展并最终使得系统回复至冷态；4）ENSO循环的3-4年主周期振荡是一非线性系统的自激振荡现象，其形成是线性系统的本征模即准两年振荡通过非线性机制产生的周期加倍所致，其中&单向性&大气辐合反馈加热过程对其形成至关重要；5）虽然年循环过程对ENSO循环形成没有本质影响，但它可明显影响ENSO循环的具体振幅和位相，使得ENSO对季节循环有明显的&锁相&特征，并且也使得ENSO循环在振幅大小和时间长短方面呈现出明显的不规则性。

The hydrologic cycle, a major topi c in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation, thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.

水文循环，作为该学科中的一个主要课题，指的是水所经过的诸现象的整个循环过程，开始时是作为大气中的水蒸气，转而作为雨、雪、露、雹一类的降水量经过液体和固体形态，由此而沿着地层表面分布或进入地层表面，最终通过蒸发和散发作用再度回复到大气水蒸气的形态。

Airglow and aurora are important optical phenomena. Their radiation, especially ultraviolet radiation contains fundamental chemical and physical information about upper atmosphere and ionosphere.

气辉和极光是高层大气中的重要发光现象，其辐射特性、特别是紫外波段的辐射特性，是高层大气和电离层物理化学过程信息的重要来源。

At the rear was an innovative combination transaxle with the gearbox, clutch, differential, and inboard-mounted drum brakes.

在后面是与变速箱，离合器，差的创新结合变速，和内侧安装鼓式制动器。

For more people can apprecaite and have the master work, there is reproduction painting appears in the market, the large various selection of paint,the high saturation of color plus the plentiful sfumato, to make the reproduction perfect copy and detail as original painting, so as to meet the requirment of amateurs who love art paintings,they do not need to pay high price to get classical paintings.

颜料色域广，色彩饱和度高，色彩层次丰富，图像色彩还原真实，能完美的复制原作，满足艺术爱好者欣赏，艺术爱好者们不用支付昂贵的价格就能拥有经典油画。