外科

Besides the traditional contents of oral surgery, such as extraction of teeth, alveolar surgery, preprosthetic surgery, TMJ disorders, jaw injuries and salivary gland diseases, additional sections such as microvascular surgery, cosmetic surgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, head and neck tumour surgery, and Traditional Chinese Medicine are also appurtenant parts of typical oral and maxillofacial surgery of China.

其所涉及的学科领域和内容较西方一些国家更广，除传统的口腔外科——牙及牙槽外科、修复前外科、颞下颌关节病、颌面损伤、唾液腺疾病等外，还包括了颌面整复外科、显微外科、头颈部肿瘤外科等内容，而且还有独特的传统医学——中医学的结合及参与，形成了具有中国特色的口腔颌面外科学。

This course focuses on the foundation for chirurgery, common surgical diseases, surgical operations, etc. The objectives of this course are 1 to help students to master the basic theories, knowledge and techniques, the causes, pathogenic mechanism and clinical manifestations of common surgical diseases, and the principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the diseases, 2 to help them get familiar with the indications and contraindications; and 3 to train students of the basic surgical performances outside the classroom and foster their aseptic concepts.

本课程包括外科基础、外科常见疾病、外科手术学等内容，使学生掌握外科学基础理论、基本知识、基本技能；掌握外科常见疾病的病因、病理、临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断、预防和治疗原则；熟悉手术的适应症和禁忌症，训练学生外科手术学基本操作和培养学生严格的无菌观念。

Department of Spine, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital;Department of Spine, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital;Beijing Yihuajian Science and Trade Co., Ltd;Department of Spine, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital;Department of Spine, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital;Traumatic Orthopedic Institute of Beijing;Traumatic Orthopedic Institute of Beijing;Beijing Yihuajian Science and Trade Co., Ltd

北京积水潭医院脊柱外科；北京积水潭医院脊柱外科；北京市意华健科技技术公司；北京积水潭医院脊柱外科；北京积水潭医院脊柱外科；北京市创伤骨科研究所；北京市创伤骨科研究所；北京市意华健科技技术公司

Joining the AAO-HNS in supporting the Healthcare Truth and Transparency Act are leading professional associations representing diverse physician specialties, including the American Psychiatric Association, the Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the American College of Surgeons, the American Medical Association, the American Osteopathic Association, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

加入美国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会支持这项医疗保健诚信和透明度行动的是不同专业的医学专家学会，他们联合在一起代表着这些专业领域的领导力量。他们包括美国精神病学学会、眼科学会、美国骄形医师外科学会、美国外科医师学会美国医学学会、美国骨病学会、美国麻醉学家学会和美国整形外科医师社团。

The course content of basic surgery,common disease and operative surgery, causes the student to grasp the rational surgery, elementary knowledge,elementary operation skill;and prehension the cause of surgical common disease,pathology,clinical situation,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,prophylaxis and therapeutic principle; familiarity operative indication and contraindication.

外科学是临床医学的一个骨干学科，是以某些疾病的发生和发展的某个阶段需要手术或以手术为主要疗法的教学内容，本课程包括外科基础，外科常见疾病和外科手术学等内容，使学生掌握外科基础理论，基本知识，基本操作技能；掌握外科常见疾病的病因，病理，临床表现，诊断，鉴别诊断，预防和治疗原则；熟悉手术的适应症和禁忌症。

This conference is held by The Chinese Congress of Neurological Surgeons, the Editorial Committees of Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery, Chinese Journal of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Chinese Journal of Neuro-oncology and Chinese Journal of Neurosurgical Disease Research. The Neurosurgical Sodality of the 3 Northeast Provinces and Neurosurgical Institution of Harbin Medical University (The Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University) are the organizers of the conference.

本次大会是由中国医师协会神经外科医师分会主办、有《中华神经外科杂志》编委会、《中国微侵袭神经外科杂志》编委会、《中国神经肿瘤杂志》编委会、《中华神经外科疾病研究杂志》编委会等参与，由东北三省神经外科医师联谊会和哈尔滨医科大学神经外科研究所暨第一附属医院神经外科承办。

Surgery is an important clinical medicine discipline, consisting of Neurosurgery Surgery, Urology and Cardiac Surgery, Ordinary Surgery, Uropoiesis Surgery,and Orthopedics Surgery,.

西医外科学》是一门重要的临床医学学科，临床上又常分为外科基础，神经外科，胸心外科，普通外科，泌尿外科，骨外科等学科。

Surgery is an important clinical medicine discipline, further divided into Neurosurgery Surgery, Urology and Cardiac Surgery, Ordinary Surgery, Uropoiesis Surgery, and Orthopedics Surgery in clinical practice.

西医外科学》是一门重要的临床医学学科，临床上又常分为外科基础，神经外科，胸心外科，普通外科，泌尿外科，骨外科等学科。

With the hospital area of 2500 square meters, the advanced plastic surgery and medical devices, seven clean operating room, beautiful hospitalizing environment, comfortable patient wards with hotel services, it is designated as the plastic surgery hospital for overseas Chinese.

上海一美整形外科医院是一家集整形外科、美容外科、手外科、激光皮肤美容科、口腔科、种植外科、赝复体修复科、检验科、麻醉科、放射科、药房等10多个临床科室于一体的专业特色医院，是海外华人整形美容的定点医院。

The team comprised a surgeon specialized in burn victims and microsurgery, an operating nurse specialized in infant surgery and gynecology, a nurse specialized in orthopedics and cardiovascular surgery, and a physical therapist, all headed by a team leader who was a dental surgeon.

该团包括一位专攻烧伤患者与显微外科的外科医生、一位专攻幼儿外科和妇产科手术房的护士、一位专攻整形外科和心血管外科的护士、和一位物理治疗家，是由一位牙科医生所带领。

This is not an ordinary box, which is used as a background picture of the dialog box, very pretty.

详细说明：这可不是一个一般的对话框，它是用图片作为背景的对话框，非常好看。

Conceal me what I am,and be my aid for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent.

遮掩我的身份，帮助我，我的面具将成为我的目的。