增加体积

The effects of the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan,the volume of acetum,the concentration of crosslinker on swelling ration are studied and optimized using orthogonal experimental method.

凝胶溶胀度随着聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖质量比、交联剂戊二醛浓度的增大而减小，随着溶剂醋酸溶液体积增加而增大

These tests show that: 1. suction decreases with the increase of the water saturation in the chalk; 2. stress variants proposed are available for describing the stress state of the unsaturated chalk; 3. preconsolidation pressure increases with suction, while the effects of suction on the compressibility coefficients λ and κ are not evident; 4. as usual unsaturated soils, the permeability to oil of chalk increases with the suction; 5. yield strength of the chalk behaves with volumetric strain hardening; 6. cohesive behaviour of the chalk is related to the stress level, and relation between time-dependent deformation and logt is linear; 7. cohesion of the chalk decreases with the increase of the suction, while the elastic stiffness and the cohesion coefficient increase; 8. strength and elastic modulus increase with the strain rate, while the strain at the peak strength decreases with the increase of the strain rate.

试验结果表明，白垩中的虹吸力随水饱和度的降低而提高；吸力、水饱和度和强度的变化过程均与时间有关；可用由理论分析得到的应力状态变量描述非饱和白垩的平衡状态；前期固结压力随吸力增加而提高，而压缩指数λ与κ则同吸力无关；应力大于前期固结压力时，粘性变形与时间的对数关系曲线呈线性关系，其大小和增长速率均随吸力减小而增大，可视为白垩弹性刚度降低和粘性系数增大的结果；前期固结压力和变形模量随着应变速率的提高而提高，压缩指数κ和λ则随应变速率的提高而减小；应变速率较低时，粘性和吸力对前期固结压力及压缩指数的影响较小；白垩中油的渗透性随着吸力增加而提高；白垩在屈服阶段具有明显的体积应变硬化特性。

Results:①The amount of human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 treated by quercetin decreased. The morphology of partial SW480 cells was shrunk volume, integrated cell membrane, condensed cytoplasm, pyknotic chromatin, nuclear fragmentation. Apoptotic Corpuscles were found by electron microscope.②MTT colorimetric assay showed quercetin inhibited the growth of human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 in a time- and dose-dependent manner when the concentration of quercetin was 30、60、90μmol/L.③Flow cytometry analysis showed the cell cycle of SW480 cell was restricted in G1/S. G0/G1 phase rate increased and S phase rate decreased with increasing concentration of quercetin and time lasting.④ Zymogram analysis assay showed the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 treated by quercetin decreased. With increasing concentration of quercetin, the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased.⑤Immunohistochemistry method demonstrated the position expression of Cathepsin-D in SW480 cell was suppressed by quercetin in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

研究结果：经槲皮素处理的人结肠癌SW480细胞数量减少，部分细胞体积缩小，细胞膜完整，胞浆浓缩，核染色质固缩，细胞核碎裂，形成凋亡小体；MTT法检测显示当作用浓度为30μmol/L~90μmol/L时，槲皮素对人结肠癌SW480细胞的生长有抑制作用，其抑制作用随着作用浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而增强；流式细胞学发现槲皮素主要作用于人结肠癌SW480细胞周期的G1/S期，大部分细胞被阻断于S期，随药物浓度的升高和作用时间的延长，G0/G1期细胞比例逐渐增加，S期细胞比例逐渐减少；酶谱分析法检测显示不同浓度的槲皮素能够抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞分泌MMP-2及MMP-9，随浓度的升高，MMP-2及MMP-9的分泌量减少；免疫组织化学法显示不同浓度的槲皮素处理人结肠癌SW480细胞后，Cathepsin-D的表达随药物浓度的升高和作用时间的延长而降低。

The expressions of VEGF mRNA in renal cortex in B and group C increased greatly compared with A group at 8th week(P.01), And the expression was decreased more in C group than that in B group at the 8th week;④The light microscopes results showed that no pathological changes in group A; pathological changes were much obvious in group B:glomerular capillary lumen tumbling,lumens blocked,mesangial region widened,basal lamina thicking,mesenterium base inceased,the volume of glomerulus become large,cell population increased,renal tubule vacuolization, renal interstitium was infiltrated by lots of lymphocyte and mononuclear macrophage; pathological changes in group C was light,only see glomerular capillary lumen lightly stegnosis,few lymphocyte infiltrating.

免疫组化结果显示第8周B组大鼠肾皮质VEGF蛋白含量较A组显著增加(P.01)，C组VEGF含量较B组有明显减少(P.01)，C组较A组表达量仍然增加(P.01)；③第8周B组肾皮质VEGF mRNA表达较A组有明显上调(P.01)，与B组相比，辛伐他汀可以明显减少C组肾皮质VEGF mRNA表达；④光学显微镜下A组肾小球毛细血管腔均匀一致，无狭窄，肾小管-间质无炎症细胞浸润。B组则病变较明显：大鼠肾小球毛细血管袢塌陷，管腔闭塞，系膜区增宽，基膜增厚和系膜基质增多，肾小球体积增大，出现玻璃样变；肾小管尤其是近区小管肿胀、变性、空泡形成，肾间质可见大量淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞浸润。C组病变较轻，可见肾小球毛细血管管腔轻度狭窄，肾小管-间质见少量淋巴细胞浸润。

The results indicated as pH values in the range from 4.50 to 7.50, the volume and dry weight of root increased as pH values increased, as well as AAAR,TAAR. The relationship of nicotine and total nitrogen accumulation with pH values was parabola,the functions were Y=-61.429X2+391.17X-162.8 (F=l 8.45), Y=-24.3X2+154.88X+52.7 (F=14.40**) respectively. When pH value got rise to 7.50, the accumulation of nicotine and total nitrogen attained the highest .

主要研究结果如下： 1 不同pH值(4.50、5.50、6.50、7.50、8.50)对烤烟根系发育、根系吸收面积以及对烟叶烟碱、总氮、蛋白质和多酚物质积累影响的研究结果表明pH值在4.50～7.50范围内，根系体积和干重都随着pH值上升而增加，AAAR、TAAR也随着升高，烟叶中烟碱、总氮累积量随着pH值上升而增加，烟碱和总氮累积量与pH之间呈抛物线关系，关系式分别为Y=-61.429X~2+391.17X-162.8，F=18.45~；Y=-24.3X~2+154.88X+52.7，F=14.40~，pH值对烟碱和总氮累积量的影响存在极显著差异，当pH值升至7.50时，烟碱和总氮累积量达到最高值。

The results showed that the hardness of CGHAZ is decreasing,bainite ferrite strip coarsens,the shape of M－A constituents transforms strip into block,its size becomes large,and its bulk extends, with increasing of t8/5.In addition austenitic,M－A constituents in γ grain boundary coarsens and manifolds with increasing of t8/5.They all deteriorate the toughness of pipeline.And the extended zone of impact fracture shows brittle.

结果表明，随着t8/5的增加，粗晶区硬度逐渐减小，贝氏体化铁素体粗化，且其间的M－A组元由条状转变为块状，平均弦长增加，体积分数增大，奥氏体晶界M－A组元增多变粗，管线钢的韧性恶化，抗裂性变差，冲击断口扩展区呈脆性断裂。

Preferential dissolution of α phase for specimens processed less than 12 hrs were revealed by using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy). Hydrides having precipitated in the α-phase at the near surface peeled off into the electrolyte, and thus resulted in reduced HUE for specimens having experienced longer charging periods. In order to increase HUE, the hydrogenation promoter, Na2S2O35H2O, was added into the electrolyte to see the effect on the hydrogen absorption.

感应耦合电浆质谱分析术(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy； ICP-MS)分析发现，渗氢前一阶段（12小时）铝元素有较明显之溶释现象，此一现象肇因於渗氢作用使近表面层α-相中析出之氢化物体积逐渐扩大膨胀，最后剥落而溶於硫酸水溶液，也因此造成长时间之渗氢效率未随渗氢时间增加而增加。

To resolve this problem, according to the robotic theory, the paper suggests to get the moonquake waves in the horizontal plane coordinate in which the reference direction is the north pole of the moon by coordinate rotation transforming from the moonquake wave measured in the oblique coordinate.

在无人登月探测中，为免使月震计的投放装置过于复杂，也为减小月震计系统的重量、体积和功耗，以及增加系统工作的稳定性和可靠性，不给月震计增加机械的水平和定向调节装置，本文根据机器人理论，通过旋转变换，论证了可以从倾斜、非定向安装的月震计观测到的月震波得到以月球北极为参考方向的水平坐标系的观测，并从实验上作了部分验证，从而为这一难题的解决找到一条可行的探索途径。

The results showed that through utilizing low-humified sphagnum peat to amend sandy soil, the total porosity, field capacity, saturated capacity were increased, and water retention of the medium was improved. The degree of medium shrinkage was increased with the increase of peat in media.

研究结果表明：用腐质化程度低的高位草炭改良砂土，改良基质的孔隙度、田间持水量、饱和含水率显著增加，基质保水能力提高；干旱处理过程中体积收缩程度也随基质中草炭含量的增加而增大。

The neurological function score and infarct volume ratio after focal cerebral ischemia in rats were detected.

结果除戒烟组外各吸烟组大鼠神经功能缺陷评分及梗死灶体积与对照组相比显著增加，吸烟4周、8周及12周依次增加。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。