基础地

It firstly gave the software and hardware environment, and then described its design plan and strategy detailedly on the base of analyzing the problems of today's automobilism simulator. Meanwhile, it builded the mathematics model, and gave the examining plan on collision of automobile. Then it elaborated systemly its achievement and basic algorithm of roaming system. Finally, it summed up the full text, and put forward the next prospect.

首先给出了该仿真系统实现的软硬件环境，然后在分析了当前驾驶模拟器仿真系统所存在的问题的基础上，详尽地描述了本系统的设计方案与实现策略，同时建立了仿真车辆实体的数学模型，并就车辆的碰撞行为给出了检测方案，接着，论文还就漫游系统的实现及其基础算法进行了系统地阐述，并就本仿真系统的特效处理给出CG语言的实现，最后，总结全文并给出了下一步工作的展望。

It firstly gave the software and hardware environment, and then described its design plan and strategy detailedly on the base of analyzing the problems of todays automobilism simulator. Meanwhile, it builded the mathematics model, and gave the examining plan on collision of automobile. Then it elaborated systemly its achievement and basic algorithm of roaming system. Finally, it summed up the full text, and put forward the next prospect.

首先给出了该仿真系统实现的软硬件环境，然后在分析了当前驾驶模拟器仿真系统所存在的问题的基础上，详尽地描述了本系统的设计方案与实现策略，同时建立了仿真车辆实体的数学模型，并就车辆的碰撞行为给出了检测方案，接着，论文还就漫游系统的实现及其基础算法进行了系统地阐述，并就本仿真系统的特效处理给出CG语言的实现，最后，总结全文并给出了下一步工作的展望。

This paper analyzed the air-conditioning system of one specific office building in Beijing, calculating the costs of unit cold and heat exergy and the unit cold and heat capacity of adopting GSHP system and air source heat pump system separately. With these numbers as standard for evaluation and comparison, it supports the conclusion that adopting GSHP system is better than adopting air source heat pump system and the heat economics analyzing method is more accurate than that based on energy.

以北京某一办公楼建筑空调系统为背景，选用地源热泵系统和风冷热泵系统两种方案，具体计算出二者的单位冷火用成本和单位冷热量成本，并以此作为评价指标，经分析比较，得出地源热泵系统方案要优于风冷热泵系统方案；以火用为基础的热经济学分析法要比以能为基础的分析法更全面准确。

Mainly in a method of the lattice vector quantifying coding and decoding, a new basic code book is selected out and directly or indirectly comprises all points whose value is less than or equal to 3 of any dimension in a RE point set, and points on a fourth grade hypersphere in the basic code book are all odd points so that part of nearest adjoint point values can be comprised in the basic code book only via corresponding odd number processing.

一种格矢量量化编解码的实现方法及装置，其主要是在格矢量量化编码方案中，选定新的基础码本，在该基础码本中直接或间接地包含了RE 8 点集中任意维的数值小于等于3的所有点，且该基础码本中的第4级超球面上的点全部为奇数点，以使得部分的最近邻点数值仅经过相应的奇数化处理便可以包含于基础码本中。

Based on digital cadastral surveying, the paper discusses Standard Operation Procedure of Cadastral Surveying by studying on cadastral investigation mode in Gulin county. and determines the general procedure of property investigation, priciples of land parceling and cadastral coding, and the investigation way of differrent land types. With field data collection and indoor work processing, the new cadastral map in Gulin county with the scale of 1:500 which meets the precision requirement. has been finally plotted.

本文正是在此基础上，从数字化地籍测量的角度出发，通过对古蔺县建成区和规划区的地籍调查作业模式的研究，探讨了标准地籍测量作业方法，并确定了权属调查的一般流程和宗地划分原则，地籍编号原则，以及社界、地类、农田的调查方法，通过对外业数据采集和调查所获取数据进行内业处理和精度分析，最终编制了满足精度要求的1：500比例尺古蔺县地籍图。

The results of numerical analysis show that the elastic modular and the poisson ratio have no effect on two-dimensional bearing capacity, but can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundations and control the convergence and precision of finite element calculation; the earth pressure coefficient controls the geostatic stress of foundation, sequentially affects the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations and the convergence of numerical calculation. When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of undrained saturated foundation, the complete formulation exists shear locking, and reduce formulation exists hourglassing, so the hybrid formulation is suitable to imitate the geomaterial. When the soil obeys nonrelevent flow rule, the yielding function is different from potential function, and the elastic-plastic matrix of soil is asymmetric, so the unsymmetry numerical solver and appropriate finite element mesh is required.

研究结果表明，土体弹性模量和泊松比对二维基础极限承载力没有影响，但是影响着三维矩形基础的极限承载力，控制着ABAQUS数值算法的计算精度与收敛速度；地基土压力系数控制着地基土体中的地应力平衡，从而影响着二维条形基础和三维矩形基础的极限承载力和地基破坏包络面；对于不排水饱和软黏土地基，常规的完全积分单元会造成剪力自锁现象，而减缩积分单元则存在过于柔化的现象，故采用杂交单元来模拟较合适；当土体服从非关联流动法则时，屈服函数与塑性势函数之间存在差异，从而导致土体弹塑性矩阵呈现非对称性，在有限元计算中必须采用非对称数值解法，并且合理地划分单元才能对极限承载力进行准确求解。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The paper reviews the development in the analytical theory of mechanical behavior of composites, pointing out the problems existed, presenting creatively the concept of yarn state, solving the descriptive problem of perform structure of any woven composites and laying the foundation for predetermining the elastic behavior of 3-d woven composites with computer. On the basis of yarn state, the relative cross section deformation theory is introduced, the yarn cross section deformation is studied, and the experiential formula is described in the paper on the basis of experiment. The crimping state of yarn is studied, the classical "straight warp view"is modified, and the crimp height value of crimped yarn is studied. At the same time, with shrinkage rate sine method, the paper proposes the idea which imitate the shape of crimped yarn. With the third power template curve, the paper describes the microgeometry structure of fabric, finding a brief and precise approach for the calculation of mechanical behavior of composites.

本文回顾了复合材料力学性能分析理论的发展，指出了存在的问题，创造性地提出了纱态概念，解决了任意结构机织复合材料预制件结构表征问题，进而为用计算机预报三维机织复合材料的弹性性能打下了基础；基于纱态概念，提出了相对截面变形理论，研究了纱线截面变形情况，在实验的基础上给出了纱线截变经验公式；研究了纱线屈曲状态，修正了传统的&地经纱直线论&，提出了以纱线缩率研究屈曲峰谷值的思想，同时以三次样条曲线拟合了纱线的卷曲形状，较好地描述了织物的细观几何结构，为复合材料力学性能的计算找到了一条既比较简便又比较精确的途径。

The applications of the theory in robot translation parameter computation and in Qualitative Scene Model construction are presented.(3) Intrinsic Images and color constancy of Real Color Images Based on the Dichromatic Reflection Model proposed by Klinker [55] , it is the NO. 1 for this paper to measure the spectral relationship of a CCD color camera, to reestablish the linear relationship, to separate the illuminant and object color components in real color images, and to extract the intrinsic image and highlight image from the real color image, as well as to eliminate the influences of highlights upon the usual image segmentation algorithm.

以Klinker[55]等提出的&双色反射模型&为基础，首次测定了彩色摄像机的光强----灰度响应关系，恢复了摄像机的整体线性关系；首次在真实彩色图像（即由彩色摄像机直接获取的图像）中成功地分离了光照和景物的颜色；成功地抽取了本色图像和耀斑图像；在此基础上，又将双色反射模型成功地运用到真实彩色图像的分割方面，消除了耀斑对分割的影响。

The existence of outer power stayed in Arab world destroys union of geography, society, economy, culture and spirits of Arab world, separates the connection of different regions, obstacles development of Arab unity movement which is thought to be outer factors. However, deeper reasons should be found in inner world. Inner reasons include that political structure of Arab world and deeply dispute weakens the base of Pan-Arabism movement. In local region, the thoughts of Religious Minorities and Sectarianism deny and destroy Arab nationalism movement and its premise-the sincerity of country. Some non-Arab nations pursuit the unity of theirs own not the whole Arab nations. Regional Nationalism and Islamism obstacle the development of Pan-Arab unity movement Weak sovereignty of Arab countries and diverse political rules weaken the political base of movement of Pan-Arab unity. Unbalance of economy, culture and base of society between different regions also lag the unified movement.

内因包括：阿拉伯世界的政治结构和王朝间的利益纷争削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的群众基础和民族基础；在局部地区，宗教少数派及其宗派主义思想不断地否定和破坏阿拉伯民族主义运动及其前提——对祖国的忠诚；阿拉伯世界中一些非阿拉伯民族的独立诉求挑战地区的统一；地区民族主义和伊斯兰主义阻碍了泛阿拉伯统一运动的开展；孱弱的国家主权限制了阿拉伯国家在民族事务上的能动性，而多样的政治体制则削弱了泛阿拉伯统一的政治建构基础；阿拉伯各地区或国家间经济、文化和社会发展的不平衡以及整体上的滞后削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的经济、文化和社会基础，等等。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。