城市学

ABSTRACT: From the views of urban economics, urban sociology, political economics, anthropogeography, and urban planning and urban design, this paper attempts to generalize the research literature on "urban spatial expansion", and to find a theoretic relationship between urban expansion and its influential factors.

针对"城市空间扩展"的研究，本文尝试从城市经济学、城市社会学、政治经济学、人文地理学和规划设计学等几个视角分别概括和归纳国内外城市研究者的相关成果，为在连续的时空背景下全面综合地认识城市发展条件和影响因素提供必要的理论联系。

It analyzes the development of modern industrial construction from 1970s, and with the modern architectural theory it summarizes the tendency of modern industrial buildings: When practicing the planning and the designing, it follows the theory of urban designing, and combines the factors of the architectonics, the urban planning,and the Landscaping together. While taking architecture techniques into practice, it emphasizes the combination of high-tech skills and industrial aesthetics and it exhibits the new styles of industrial building as well. It cares for the demanding of people and creates comfortable working environment. For protecting ecosystem, it stresses the developable function of industrial architectural designing, the communication with society and the enhancement of the social function of industrial construction.

本论文在大量的资料查阅、现场调研的基础上，分析了19 世纪70 年代以来现代工业建筑的发展状况，并综合现代建筑思想的发展，总结出现代工业建筑的一系列发展趋势：在规划设计中，始终以城市设计理论为主轴，走向建筑学、城市规划学、地景学的结合；在建筑技术运用中，注重高技术与工厂美学的结合，展现工业建筑新形象；将人性化设计引入工业建筑，创造出优美的工作环境，体现对人的关怀；注重对生态环境的保护，坚持工业建筑设计的可持续性；注重与社会的交流，增强工业建筑的社会职能。

Based on the chromatology, urban planning theory, human geography, the thesis brings up the conception and elements of city color to date, and analyses certain issues such as perspective, harmony and regionality of city color. Aiming at the chaotic and inharmonious state of city color in China, the research puts forward a new reasonable and effective control method —the method of three elements, and it also concludes the contents of city color planning involving color survey, evaluation, orientation and zoning.

本文以色彩学、城市规划设计和人文地理学为基础理论，在明确了城市色彩的概念、要素，并对城市色彩的感知、协调、地域性等问题全面分析的基础上，针对国内当前城市色彩杂乱无序的不和谐状态，研究提出了合理有效的城市色彩控制方法——三要素控制法，并归纳总结了包括城市色彩调查、评价、定位、以及区划等城市色彩规划的内容体系。

Dynamical mechanism of urban Sociospatial evolution was a" hot-spot" study field in the foreign academe just as sociology, geography, demology and urban planning, and it also formed different theories.

城市社会空间演变的动力机制问题一直是国外城市社会学、地理学、人口学、规划学等学科研究的热点，形成了各种理论流派。

Based on lots of investigation of materials and questionnaire survey, this thesis makes a deep study on tourist consumption for Zibo. The basic theory of the paper is ethnology, marketing, psychics, economics, demotics, management science and so on.

本文以城市核心家庭为研究对象，以家庭旅游消费特征研究为视角，以社会经济发展水平较高的淄博市为例，在大量资料分析和问卷调查的基础上，以家庭学、市场学、行为学、经济学、社会学、管理学等相关理论为指导，对家庭旅游消费进行深入研究。

The significance is that it can realize city emulation by applicating euthenics, engineering, layout and VR technology. Consequently we can show the more real, brilliance, dramatic city's visage, so that it makes the feasibility research of the city planning more simple and it in favor of city planning, city's construct and city' perfect.

意义在于针对现代城市建设的盛行，利用环境学、工程学、规划设计等的综合，将虚拟现实技术运用其中，实现对城市的仿真，更真实、鲜明、生动地展现城市面貌，便于对城市规划的可行性探究，有利于城市的规划，建设和完善。

The significance is that it can realize city emulation by applicating euthenics, engineering, layout and VR technology. Consequently we can show the more real, brilliance, dramatic city's visage, so that it makes the feasibility research of the city planning more simple and it in favor of city planning, city's construct and city' perfect.Virtual Reality;City planning;Modeling;Emulation

意义在于针对现代城市建设的盛行，利用学、工程学、规划设计等的综合，将虚拟现实技术运用其中，实现对城市的仿真，更真实、鲜明、生动地展现城市面貌，便于对城市规划的可行性研究，有利于城市的规划，建设和完善。

The significance is that it can realize city emulation by applicating euthenics, engineering, layout and VR technology. Consequently we can show the more real, brilliance, dramatic city's visage, so that it makes the feasibility research of the city planning more simple and it in favor of city planning, city's construct and city' perfect.Keywords :Virtual Reality;City planning;Modeling;Emulation

意义在于针对城市建设的盛行，利用环境学、工程学、规划设计等的综合，将虚拟现实技术运用其中，实现对城市的仿真，更真实、鲜明、生动地展现城市面貌，便于对城市规划的可行性研究，有利于城市的规划，建设和完善。

Basing on the economics, city planning, city management and architecture, taking city renewal theory both at home and abroad as the theoretical foundation, this dissertation gives an overall theoretical and positive investigation of the traditional commercial quarter, so as to give some useful instructions to the development of the traditional commercial quarter.

本文综合运用了经济学、城市规划学、城市管理学、建筑学等相关学科的知识，以城市更新理论为指导，对传统商业步行街区展开了理论研究与实证探索，旨在为我国传统商业步行街区的发展提供有益指导。

In the process of learning concept map, the boy students improve more greatly than the girl students, because the boys can better construct and solidate what they have learned.

对于一般的城市学校和农村中学开展概念图教学应注意的问题：（1）教师要先学习，要边学边教，边教边学，教学相长。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。