坐标系统

The Cartesian coordinate system and the geographic coordinate system used on the earth's surface are common examples of coordinate systems.

用于地球表面的笛卡尔坐标系统和地理坐标系统是坐标系统的通用例子。

This coordinate system is in a way a generalization of Cartesian coordinates in Euclidean space.

这种坐标系统可以看成Euclidean空间的笛卡尔坐标的一种泛化。

Usually the data from GPS coordinates WGS - 84 system, and the geocentric coordinate system is used BJ54 coordinate our plane right-angled coordinate system, to the needs of work, we must coordinate transformation.

通常GPS测量所得数据的坐标是WGS -84系统的地心坐标系统，而我们常用的BJ54坐标是平面直角坐标系统，为了工作的需要，我们必须进行坐标转换。

It also Introduces three optimum techniques for the machine model;manually removing redundant information;carrying out optimization with some softwares and algorithm and according to the change of link motion coordinate and angle,puts forward the change of link s coordinate realized by coordinate system nesting,and the change of link s angle realized by relative to driving link s ...

研究了手工清除冗余信息、利用软件优化和利用算法优化三种模型优化技术。根据机构的运动就是坐标和角度的变化，提出了坐标系统嵌套实现构件坐标的变化，用相对于原动件的角度关系实现角度变化的仿真方法。为工程技术人员解决此类问题提供了一种参考途径。

It means that each point cloud defined its own local coordinate system should be transformed into a common coordinate system, which is usually the ground coordinate system.

然而因各测站的点云资料均属於不同的局部坐标系统，必须透过转换将各站点云整合至统一的坐标系统中。

Some surveyors often misapply the coordinate data in performing cadastral survey, cause of the renewal of the coordinate system in Taiwan and the cadastral survey successively adopted the measurement achievements of many kinds of different coordinate systems, and lacked the tight relation with different area.

台湾地区之地籍测量随著坐标系统的更新，先后采用多种不同坐标系统之测量成果，且不同测区间缺乏严密的关联，常造成部分测量人员办理土地复丈未予查觉而误用，在新的TWD97坐标系统公告后，新测之地籍测量成果均以此系统为基准。

This thesis focus on GPS application in magnetic suspension engineering:① the formulation of oblique cylindrical projection is worked out according to characteristics of long distance precise engineering and map projection theory. The author has developed an application to accomplish coordinate conversion from generally used coordinate systems to oblique Maglev Coordinates System.② considering not only project peculiarities but also position of control points, selection of initial points, connection type, selection of repeat baseline and ground observed quantities, GPS network is designed on electronic map and we may extract GPS network information by program developed using Visual Basic 6.0 while the results are stored in control point file and baseline vector file.③estimate accuracy of various GPS networks designed on electronic map by method of 2D restriction adjustment. GPS network simulation design and accuracy estimate come true.④Predominate the rules how connection type , repeat baseline and precise baseline of range finder influence GPS network precision through comparing accuracy of various GPS network. Thereby, the solution how to establish GPS network in long distance precise engineering is figured out.

本论文主要研究GPS技术在磁悬浮工程中的应用：①根据长距离精密工程的特点，从地图投影原理出发，推导出斜轴圆柱投影的应用公式，并编制计算软件，实现从常用坐标系统向斜轴磁悬浮坐标系统的转换计算；②在AutoCAD电子地图上，根据工程的需要，并充分考虑控制点的点位、起算点的选择、连接方式、重复基线的选择和地面观测量的选择等因素，在电子地图上进行GPS网的设计，根据Visual Basic 6.0语言编程，提取出GPS网资料，保存在控制点文件和基线向量文件中；③对在电子地图生成的各种类型的GPS网进行二维约束平差的精度估算，实现了GPS网的模拟设计与精度估算；④通过对各种控制网的精度比较，掌握连接方式、重复基线、精密测距仪基线对GPS网精度影响的规律，解决了长距离精密工程GPS网的建立方法。

System speaking of the Master CAM, first must establish the components the geometry model, according to the components actual size, draws its processing part the contour line, does not need to draw the entire components the model, guaranteed the computation production the cutting tool way coordinates accuracy, and may use the Master CAM Chinese Library level the function, when determination cutting tool way, transfers or the hideaway, the selective treatment needs contour line; Next, the formulation processing craft and the definite craft parameter, chooses the cutting tool, the processing semi finished materials, the work piece origin of coordinates again and so on, establishes the work piece coordinates system, definite work piece coordinate system and engine bed coordinate system relative size, thus obtains the components processing correct cutting tool way; Finally, the simulation function which system provides using the Master CAM, the realization simulation processing.

对于Master CAM系统而言，首先要建立零件的几何模型，根据零件的实际尺寸，画出其加工部分的轮廓线，无需画出整个零件的模型，以保证计算生成的刀具路径坐标的正确性，并可利用Master CAM中图层的功能，在确定刀具路径时，加以调用或隐藏，来选择加工需要的轮廓线；其次，制定加工工艺并确定工艺参数，再选择刀具、加工毛坯、工件坐标原点等，建立工件坐标系统，确定工件坐标系与机床坐标系的相对尺寸，从而得到零件加工的正确刀具路径；最后，利用Master CAM系统提供的仿真功能，实现模拟加工。

So that, we should do some effective transfor2 mation among these three systems, including time system and coordinate system. For the requirement, the time system and coordinate system for each of them are analyzed in details. And then, the method of time transformation and the model of coordinates transforma2 tion among GPS, GLONASS and GAL ILEO are p roposed based on lots of integration, certification and calculation.

这就需要我们对此三个系统的时间系统以及坐标系统进行有效的转换，本文就是基于这样的需求，详细介绍并分析了此三大系统中各自的时间系统与坐标系统，通过对多方资料的综合、推证与计算，综合得出GPS、GLONASS以及GAL ILEO三大系统间的时间转换方法及坐标转换模型与公式。

The application of the survey model in the survey tests on a shield machine manufactured by Herrenknecht A.G.

盾构机姿态控制点测量首先要建立测量模型，即采用导线测量和三角高程测量方法，通过对盾构机刀头和中体圆柱体外直径精密测量，拟合计算出盾构机刀头和中体中心三维坐标，建立盾构机坐标系统，解算姿态控制点在盾构机坐标系统内的三维坐标，进而由姿态控制点计算盾构机的姿态。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。